molecular biology
Cellular chemistry study
Molecular biology is the branch of biology that studies life at the level of molecules—particularly DNA, RNA, and proteins.
It examines how genetic information is stored, copied, and expressed to build and maintain living organisms.
Her molecular biology research focused on gene regulation in cancer cells.
The field underlies much of modern biotechnology and medicine.
Hereditary information unit
- alleleGene variant at one locus
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
- heredityGenetic trait transmission
chromosome · locus · mutation · recombination · genomics · linkage · haplotype · gene expression
Two intertwined spirals
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
- base pairsBonded DNA building blocks
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- thymineDNA nitrogen base
cytosine · guanine · replication · transcription · polymerase · sequencing · plasmid · telomere
Facility for scientific investigation
- pipetteGraduated liquid transfer tube
- centrifugeSpinning density-separation device
- microscopyTechnique using powerful lenses
- electrophoresisField-driven particle separation
bioinformatics · cloning · vector · transformation · transfection · cell culture · blotting · assay
Written version of speech
- translationConverting between languages
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
- mRNAGene's working copy
- tRNAAmino acid transporter molecule
codon · anticodon · promoter · splicing · gene regulation · enhancer · silencer · Southern blot
Organic compounds forming proteins
- polypeptideAmino acid polymer
- enzymeProtein that hastens reactions
- protein foldingChain becoming functional structure
- chaperoneProtective adult companion
receptor · ligand · substrate · active site · peptide bond · protein structure · denaturation · crystallography
Specialized cell subunits
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
- membraneThin tissue sheet
- cytoplasmGel surrounding the nucleus
- cytoskeletonInternal protein support structure
ribosomes · endoplasmic reticulum · lysosomes · nucleus · cell division · mitosis · meiosis · apoptosis
gene
Hereditary information unit
- alleleGene variant at one locus
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
heredity · chromosome · locus · mutation · recombination · genomics · linkage · haplotype · gene expression · dominant
double helix
Two intertwined spirals
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
- base pairsBonded DNA building blocks
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
thymine · cytosine · guanine · replication · transcription · polymerase · sequencing · plasmid · telomere · histone
laboratory
Facility for scientific investigation
- pipetteGraduated liquid transfer tube
- centrifugeSpinning density-separation device
- microscopyTechnique using powerful lenses
electrophoresis · bioinformatics · cloning · vector · transformation · transfection · cell culture · blotting · assay · protocol
transcription
Written version of speech
- translationConverting between languages
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
- mRNAGene's working copy
tRNA · codon · anticodon · promoter · splicing · gene regulation · enhancer · silencer · Southern blot · PCR
amino acids
Organic compounds forming proteins
- polypeptideAmino acid polymer
- enzymeProtein that hastens reactions
- protein foldingChain becoming functional structure
chaperone · receptor · ligand · substrate · active site · peptide bond · protein structure · denaturation · crystallography · mass spectrometry
organelles
Specialized cell subunits
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
- membraneThin tissue sheet
- cytoplasmGel surrounding the nucleus
cytoskeleton · ribosomes · endoplasmic reticulum · lysosomes · nucleus · cell division · mitosis · meiosis · apoptosis · autophagy
- biologycells, DNA, cell, gene, bacteriology
- scienceschemistry, physics, astronomy, geology, mathematics
- academic fieldsmathematics, chemistry, physics, history, philosophy
- Biomedicineanatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, immunology
- life sciencesmedicine, botany, genetics, ecology, pharmacology
- Medical Sciencegenetics, immunology, antibiotics, penicillin, DNA
molecular biologyecology
Study of environmental relations
natural history · anatomy · gross anatomy · ethology · zoology
molecular biologyecology
Study of environmental relations
anatomy · morphology · ethology · biogeography · paleontology
biology, molecule, biological, biologist, molecular, molecules, biologists, biologically, biologic