mitochondria
Energy-producing cell parts
Mitochondria are structures within cells that generate most of the cell's energy supply, converting nutrients into usable fuel through chemical reactions.
Often called "the powerhouse of the cell" in biology classes, this phrase has become a meme about the random facts retained from school.
The singular is mitochondrion, though mitochondria often serves for both.
Mitochondrial membrane infoldings
- matrixOrdered numerical arrangement
- outer membraneExterior enclosing layer
- inner membraneInnermost surrounding tissue layer
- intermembrane spaceRegion between organelle envelopes
Aerobic respiration's central pathway
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- NADHElectron-carrying coenzyme
- acetyl-CoAActivated two-carbon metabolic intermediate
- metabolismCellular nutrient conversion
catabolism · anabolism · oxygen consumption · thermogenesis · calorie · glucose · fatty acids · beta-oxidation
Cytoplasmic membrane network for synthesis
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- lysosomesOrganelles containing breakdown enzymes
- peroxisomesOrganelles for detoxification
- cytoskeletonInternal protein support structure
apoptosis · autophagy · cell death · biogenesis · dynamics · trafficking
Disorder of muscle tissue
- encephalopathyDisease impairing brain function
- dysfunctionAbnormal or unhealthy operation
- mutationPermanent DNA alteration
- neurodegenerationProgressive loss of neurons
aging · fatigue · metabolic disorder · cardiomyopathy · genetic testing
Requiring free oxygen
- oxygenElement eight, colorless gas
- carbon dioxideRespiration byproduct, photosynthesis fuel
- cellular respirationCell-level fuel burning
- redox reactionsCoupled electron transfer processes
Purine nucleoside in cells
- triphosphateThree linked phosphate groups
- ADPPayroll processing firm
- phosphatePO₄ ion compound
- synthaseBond-forming enzyme
hydrolysis · phosphorylation · coupling · kinase · nucleotide · adenine
Of or like mothers
- matrilinealDescended through maternal line
- haplogroupsGenetic ancestry classifications
- lineageDescent from progenitors
- ancestryFamily line of descent
Organism living within another
- eukaryotesNuclear-membrane organisms
- chloroplastsPhotosynthesis-performing cell structures
- coevolutionReciprocal adaptation between interacting species
cristae
Mitochondrial membrane infoldings
- matrixOrdered numerical arrangement
- outer membraneExterior enclosing layer
- inner membraneInnermost surrounding tissue layer
intermembrane space · organelle · cytoplasm · ribosomes · fission · fusion
citric acid cycle
Aerobic respiration's central pathway
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- NADHElectron-carrying coenzyme
- acetyl-CoAActivated two-carbon metabolic intermediate
metabolism · catabolism · anabolism · oxygen consumption · thermogenesis · calorie · glucose · fatty acids · beta-oxidation · metabolic rate
endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoplasmic membrane network for synthesis
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- lysosomesOrganelles containing breakdown enzymes
- peroxisomesOrganelles for detoxification
cytoskeleton · apoptosis · autophagy · cell death · biogenesis · dynamics · trafficking
myopathy
Disorder of muscle tissue
- encephalopathyDisease impairing brain function
- dysfunctionAbnormal or unhealthy operation
- mutationPermanent DNA alteration
neurodegeneration · aging · fatigue · metabolic disorder · cardiomyopathy · genetic testing
aerobic
Requiring free oxygen
- oxygenElement eight, colorless gas
- carbon dioxideRespiration byproduct, photosynthesis fuel
- cellular respirationCell-level fuel burning
redox reactions · oxygen consumption · anaerobic · energy conversion
adenosine
Purine nucleoside in cells
- triphosphateThree linked phosphate groups
- ADPPayroll processing firm
- phosphatePO₄ ion compound
synthase · hydrolysis · phosphorylation · coupling · kinase · nucleotide · adenine
maternal
Of or like mothers
- matrilinealDescended through maternal line
- haplogroupsGenetic ancestry classifications
- lineageDescent from progenitors
ancestry · genealogy · uniparental · bottleneck · genetic drift
endosymbiosis
Organism living within another
- eukaryotesNuclear-membrane organisms
- chloroplastsPhotosynthesis-performing cell structures
- coevolutionReciprocal adaptation between interacting species
generator
Electricity-producing machine
- dynamoMotion-to-electricity converter
- organelleschloroplast, nucleus, lysosome, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum
- endosymbiontschloroplasts, chloroplast, plastids, plastid, chromatophores
- MitochondriaATP, inner membrane, cristae, intermembrane space, NADH
- biologycells, DNA, cell, biology, gene
- Cell stuffcell phone, smartphone, mobile network, cell tower, SIM card
- cell biologycell membrane, cell division, cytoplasm, ribosome, nucleus
mitochondriaribosome
Protein synthesis site
endoplasmic reticulum · Golgi apparatus · lysosome · vacuole · peroxisome
- mitochondrial DNAMaternally inherited organelle genome
- mitochondrial matrixInner compartment of cellular powerhouses