organelles
Nucleus and ribosomes
Organelles are the specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions—the cellular equivalent of organs in a body.
Mitochondria generate energy, ribosomes build proteins, the nucleus houses genetic material.
The term applies mainly to eukaryotic cells, where membrane-bound compartments allow different chemical processes to occur simultaneously: The mitochondria are the organelles responsible for ATP production.
Cell's energy-producing organelles
- ribosomesCellular translation machinery
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- chloroplastsPhotosynthesis-performing cell structures
- lysosomesOrganelles containing breakdown enzymes
peroxisomes · vacuole · centrioles · nucleolus · plastids · vesicles · centrosome · endosome
Internal protein support structure
- microtubulesHollow cellular protein structures
- chromatinNuclear protein-wrapped genetic material
- cytoplasmGel surrounding the nucleus
- ultrastructureMicroscopic cellular organization
subcellular · morphology · matrix · stroma · lumen · cristae
Cell's energy molecule
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- bioenergeticsStudy of biological energy
- matrixOrdered numerical arrangement
- cristaeMitochondrial membrane infoldings
photosynthesis · NADH · pyruvate · aerobic · anaerobic
Mitochondrial membrane infoldings
- compartmentalizationDivision into distinct sections
- lumenLight output measure
- buddingDeveloping from an outgrowth
Nuclear division producing identical cells
- meiosisGamete-producing cell division
- cytokinesisCytoplasmic division after mitosis
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- centrosomeMicrotubule-organizing organelle
prophase · metaphase · anaphase · telophase · replication · segregation
Converting between languages
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- polypeptidesBonded amino acid sequences
- mRNAGene's working copy
- tRNAAmino acid transporter molecule
mitochondria
Cell's energy-producing organelles
- ribosomesCellular translation machinery
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- chloroplastsPhotosynthesis-performing cell structures
lysosomes · peroxisomes · vacuole · centrioles · nucleolus · plastids · vesicles · centrosome · endosome · nucleoid
cytoskeleton
Internal protein support structure
- microtubulesHollow cellular protein structures
- chromatinNuclear protein-wrapped genetic material
- cytoplasmGel surrounding the nucleus
ultrastructure · subcellular · morphology · matrix · stroma · lumen · cristae
ATP
Cell's energy molecule
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- bioenergeticsStudy of biological energy
- matrixOrdered numerical arrangement
cristae · photosynthesis · NADH · pyruvate · aerobic · anaerobic
cristae
Mitochondrial membrane infoldings
- compartmentalizationDivision into distinct sections
- lumenLight output measure
- buddingDeveloping from an outgrowth
mitosis
Nuclear division producing identical cells
- meiosisGamete-producing cell division
- cytokinesisCytoplasmic division after mitosis
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
centrosome · prophase · metaphase · anaphase · telophase · replication · segregation
translation
Converting between languages
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- polypeptidesBonded amino acid sequences
- mRNAGene's working copy
tRNA · codons · chaperones · polymerase · biosynthesis
- biologycells, DNA, cell, biology, gene
- cellscells, blood cell, cell theory, nerve cell, red blood cell
- cell biologycell membrane, cell division, cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria
- cell partsnucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane
- Microscale Biologycells, DNA, RNA, proteins, enzymes
- organellesmitochondria, mitochondrion, chloroplast, nucleus, lysosome