enzyme
Protein accelerating reactions
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.
Enzymes are essential to digestion, metabolism, and virtually every biological function.
Each enzyme typically acts on a specific substance: Lactase breaks down lactose in milk.
Outside biology, enzymes appear in detergents and food processing.
Starch-digesting enzyme
- lipaseFat-dissolving enzyme
- proteaseProtein-cleaving enzyme
- pepsinGastric protein-cleaving enzyme
- trypsinPancreatic digestive protease
lactase · maltase · sucrase · peptidase · nuclease · rennin · bromelain · papain
Underlying supporting material
- active siteEnzyme region binding substrates
- cofactorEnzyme-activating compound
- inhibitionMental check on behavior
- kineticsScience of motion forces
turnover · specificity · affinity · induced fit · product · rate · mechanism · feedback
Glucose metabolism producing ATP
- ATPCell's energy molecule
- oxidationLosing electrons chemically
- respirationGas exchange in organisms
- citric acid cycleAerobic respiration's central pathway
phosphorylation · kinase · dehydrogenase · oxidase · synthase · transferase · ligase · cytochrome
Compositional evaluation procedure
- polymeraseNucleic acid synthesis enzyme
- Taq polymeraseHeat-resistant replication enzyme
- biocatalystOrganic reaction accelerator
- biosensorBiological chemical detection device
food processing · brewing · fermentation · pharmaceutical · diagnostic
Inactive enzyme precursor
- proenzymeInactive enzyme precursor
- subunitPart of larger entity
- domainArea of control
- denaturationStructural breakdown of proteins
amylase
Starch-digesting enzyme
trypsin · lactase · maltase · sucrase · peptidase · nuclease · rennin · bromelain · papain
substrate
Underlying supporting material
- active siteEnzyme region binding substrates
- cofactorEnzyme-activating compound
- inhibitionMental check on behavior
kinetics · turnover · specificity · affinity · induced fit · product · rate · mechanism · feedback · inhibitor
glycolysis
Glucose metabolism producing ATP
- ATPCell's energy molecule
- oxidationLosing electrons chemically
- respirationGas exchange in organisms
citric acid cycle · phosphorylation · kinase · dehydrogenase · oxidase · synthase · transferase · ligase · cytochrome · anabolism
assay
Compositional evaluation procedure
- polymeraseNucleic acid synthesis enzyme
- Taq polymeraseHeat-resistant replication enzyme
- biocatalystOrganic reaction accelerator
biosensor · food processing · brewing · fermentation · pharmaceutical · diagnostic
zymogen
Inactive enzyme precursor
- Biology Labpetri dish, microscope, pipette, test tube, beaker
- BiomoleculesDNA, protein, RNA, mRNA, lipid
- BiotechDNA, bioengineering, genetic testing, gene, DNA sequencing
- proteinsprotein, proteins, albumin, collagen, casein
- catalystscatalyst, active site, platinum, iron, copper
- enzymeslipase, amylase, protease, kinase, transferase
enzymeinhibitor
Agent that slows reactions
blocker · poison · deactivator · antagonist · repressor
enzymesubstrate
Underlying supporting material
reactant · reagent · product · metabolite
- digestive enzymesFood-processing biological catalysts
- plant enzymes
- liver enzymeCatalyst in hepatic tissue
- CYP enzymesLiver enzymes metabolizing drugs
- debranching enzymeProtein cleaving glycogen branches
- enzyme action