cloning
Making exact duplicates
Cloning is creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or cell.
In biotechnology, cloning produces organisms with the same DNA as a parent—Dolly the sheep was cloned from an adult cell.
The term extends to exact duplication generally: cloning a hard drive, cloning a credit card.
To clone is to make such a copy; a clone is the copy itself.
Organism before birth
- surrogateOne acting for another
- DollyNickname for Dorothy
- offspringBiological descendants produced
- twinOne of matched pair
identical · nucleus · somatic · oocyte · implantation · gestation · birth · mammal
Identical reproduction made
- replicaFaithful scaled reproduction
- duplicateExact replica of original
- reproductionCopying or procreation
- replicationAct of duplicating precisely
identical · facsimile · carbon-copy · doppelganger · lookalike · counterpart · match · twinning
Unique personal character
- uniquenessQuality of being singular
- selfhoodIndividual identity, personhood
- twinOne of matched pair
- doubleTwice the amount
copy · originality · authenticity · distinctiveness · soul · personhood · determinism · existence
Hereditary code molecule
- genesUnits of heredity
- genomeOrganism's total hereditary material
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
sequencing · alleles · genotype · polymerase · recombination · mutation · heredity · plasmid
Facility for scientific investigation
- biotechnologyEngineering using living systems
- cultureCollective social practices
- manipulationUnderhanded control of others
- techniqueSkilled way of performing
procedure · equipment · incubator · micropipette · centrifuge · cryopreservation · bioengineering · CRISPR
Developing from an outgrowth
- fissionNuclear breakup releasing energy
- fragmentationBreaking into smaller pieces
- parthenogenesisDevelopment from unfertilized ova
- sporeAsexual reproductive cell
runner · rhizome · tuber · stolon · vegetative · propagation · offspring · binary
Study of right conduct
- moralityRight and wrong principles
- consentVoluntary agreement given
- regulationOfficial rules governing conduct
- legislationOfficial enactment of statutes
debate · autonomy · rights · controversy · policy · oversight · dignity · exploitation
Disposable soft paper
- organBody's working component
- regenerationBiological self-repair process
- transplantMove tissue between bodies
- repairRestore to working order
disease · treatment · patient · medical · pluripotent · differentiation · replacement · healing
embryo
Organism before birth
twin · identical · nucleus · somatic · oocyte · implantation · gestation · birth · mammal · sheep
copy
Identical reproduction made
- replicaFaithful scaled reproduction
- duplicateExact replica of original
- reproductionCopying or procreation
replication · identical · facsimile · carbon-copy · doppelganger · lookalike · counterpart · match · twinning · proliferation
individuality
Unique personal character
- uniquenessQuality of being singular
- selfhoodIndividual identity, personhood
- twinOne of matched pair
double · copy · originality · authenticity · distinctiveness · soul · personhood · determinism · existence · essence
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- genesUnits of heredity
- genomeOrganism's total hereditary material
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
nucleotide · sequencing · alleles · genotype · polymerase · recombination · mutation · heredity · plasmid · vector
laboratory
Facility for scientific investigation
- biotechnologyEngineering using living systems
- cultureCollective social practices
- manipulationUnderhanded control of others
technique · procedure · equipment · incubator · micropipette · centrifuge · cryopreservation · bioengineering · CRISPR
budding
Developing from an outgrowth
- fissionNuclear breakup releasing energy
- fragmentationBreaking into smaller pieces
- parthenogenesisDevelopment from unfertilized ova
spore · runner · rhizome · tuber · stolon · vegetative · propagation · offspring · binary · regeneration
ethics
Study of right conduct
- moralityRight and wrong principles
- consentVoluntary agreement given
- regulationOfficial rules governing conduct
legislation · debate · autonomy · rights · controversy · policy · oversight · dignity · exploitation · safety
tissue
Disposable soft paper
- organBody's working component
- regenerationBiological self-repair process
- transplantMove tissue between bodies
repair · disease · treatment · patient · medical · pluripotent · differentiation · replacement · healing · research
backup
Stored duplicate for recovery
partition · image · migration · ghost · data · storage · sector · software · system · restore
- future techAI, drones, robots, autonomous vehicles, VR
- replicasreproductions, duplicates, imitations, facsimiles, knockoffs
- sci-fi techteleporter, time travel, cryonics, force fields, time machine
- cultivationplanting, propagation, grafting, cuttings, transplanting
- Cultivation Methodscross-pollination, selective breeding, self-pollination, pollination, organic fertilizer
- De-extinctionwoolly mammoth, dodo, passenger pigeon, thylacine, Tasmanian tiger
cloningsexual reproduction
Two-parent genetic combination
meiosis · crossbreeding · hybridization · outcrossing · fertilization
cloninggenetic diversity
Allelic variation within populations
genetic variation · mutation · individuation · differentiation · diversification
- human cloningCreating genetic duplicates of people
- voice cloningReplicating speech synthetically
- animal cloningCreating genetic duplicates of fauna
- reproductive cloningCreating genetically identical organisms
- card cloningDuplicating payment credentials illegally
- cloning machineApparatus for genetic duplication