base pairs
Genetic ladder steps
Base pairs are the chemical units that form the rungs of the DNA double helix.
Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine, held together by hydrogen bonds.
The human genome contains about three billion base pairs.
Scientists measure genetic sequences in base pairs or kilobases: The gene spans 2,400 base pairs.
Purine nucleobase in DNA
- thymineDNA nitrogen base
- guaninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- cytosinePyrimidine nucleobase in genetics
- hydrogen bondElectronegativity-based intermolecular attraction
nucleotide · complementary · Watson-Crick · purine · pyrimidine · bonding · stacking · mismatch
Two intertwined spirals
- antiparallelParallel but opposite-facing
- backboneVertebral column, or courage
- strandThin fiber piece
- duplexDivided dwelling, shared walls
coiling · twist · winding · unwinding · denaturation · annealing · melting temperature · hybridization
Organism's total hereditary material
- sequencingDetermining element order
- replicationAct of duplicating precisely
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- mutationPermanent DNA alteration
codon · genetic code · polymerase · substitution · insertion · deletion · point mutation · conservation
Thousand nucleotides unit
- lengthMeasure of extent
- countReckon a total
- spacingInterval arrangement between objects
- distanceSpace between two points
coverage · resolution · mapping · annotation · assembly
adenine
Purine nucleobase in DNA
hydrogen bond · nucleotide · complementary · Watson-Crick · purine · pyrimidine · bonding · stacking · mismatch · wobble
double helix
Two intertwined spirals
- antiparallelParallel but opposite-facing
- backboneVertebral column, or courage
- strandThin fiber piece
duplex · coiling · twist · winding · unwinding · denaturation · annealing · melting temperature · hybridization · turns
genome
Organism's total hereditary material
- sequencingDetermining element order
- replicationAct of duplicating precisely
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
mutation · codon · genetic code · polymerase · substitution · insertion · deletion · point mutation · conservation · variation
kilobase
Thousand nucleotides unit
distance · coverage · resolution · mapping · annotation · assembly
- geneticsDNA, allele, genotype, genes, gene
- DNA AnalysisDNA, DNA profiling, DNA testing, DNA sequencing, DNA fingerprinting
- GenomicsDNA sequencing, genome sequencing, sequencing, genome, DNA
- Synthetic Biologysynthetic biology, DNA synthesis, standardized parts, bioengineering, xenobiology
- Transcriptiontranscript, transcriptionist, live transcription, verbatim, dictation
- chromosomeschromosomes, chromosome, centromere, chromatin, telomerase
base pairsgenome
Organism's total hereditary material
chromosome · gene · kilobase
base, pair, repaired, paired, repairs, bases, pairing, baseless, unpaired