amino acids
Protein building blocks
Amino acids are the molecular building blocks of proteins.
Each contains an amino group and a carboxylic acid group, linked to a central carbon.
Twenty standard amino acids combine in different sequences to form all proteins in living organisms.
Nine are called essential because the human body cannot synthesize them—they must come from food.
Athletes sometimes supplement with branched-chain amino acids.
Simplest amino acid
- alanineBasic amino acid
- valineEssential branched-chain amino acid
- leucineEssential branched-chain amino acid
- isoleucineEssential branched-chain amino acid
proline · phenylalanine · tryptophan · methionine · serine · threonine · cysteine · tyrosine
Assembling amino acid chains
- peptide bondAmino acid connection
- polypeptideAmino acid polymer
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
- codonBase triplet encoding amino
mRNA · tRNA · transcription · translation · side chain · chirality · hydrolysis · sequence
Amino group biochemical exchange
- deaminationAmino group removal process
- ketogenicInducing fat-derived energy
- catabolismMetabolic molecular dismantling
- anabolismMetabolic construction of molecules
Essential branched-chain amino acid
- isoleucineEssential branched-chain amino acid
- valineEssential branched-chain amino acid
- BCAABranched-chain amino acids
- recoveryRegaining what was lost
anabolic · whey protein · post-workout · muscle repair · protein powder · bodybuilding · hypertrophy · sports nutrition
Fundamentally necessary
- nonessentialNot required or needed
- complete proteinContains all essential amino acids
- dietary proteinProtein consumed through food
- supplementSomething added to complete
BCAA · deficiency · food source · absorption · bioavailability · RDA · fortification · plant-based
Base triplet encoding amino
- gene expressionDNA to functional product
- DNAHereditary code molecule
- RNAGene expression molecule
- genetic codeCodon-to-amino-acid mapping rules
mutation · reading frame · anticodon · nonsense mutation · frameshift · open reading frame · degeneracy · synonymous
glycine
Simplest amino acid
- alanineBasic amino acid
- valineEssential branched-chain amino acid
- leucineEssential branched-chain amino acid
isoleucine · proline · phenylalanine · tryptophan · methionine · serine · threonine · cysteine · tyrosine · asparagine
protein synthesis
Assembling amino acid chains
- peptide bondAmino acid connection
- polypeptideAmino acid polymer
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
codon · mRNA · tRNA · transcription · translation · side chain · chirality · hydrolysis · sequence · residue
transamination
Amino group biochemical exchange
- deaminationAmino group removal process
- ketogenicInducing fat-derived energy
- catabolismMetabolic molecular dismantling
leucine
Essential branched-chain amino acid
- isoleucineEssential branched-chain amino acid
- valineEssential branched-chain amino acid
- BCAABranched-chain amino acids
recovery · anabolic · whey protein · post-workout · muscle repair · protein powder · bodybuilding · hypertrophy · sports nutrition · muscle building
essential
Fundamentally necessary
- nonessentialNot required or needed
- complete proteinContains all essential amino acids
- dietary proteinProtein consumed through food
supplement · BCAA · deficiency · food source · absorption · bioavailability · RDA · fortification · plant-based · animal protein
codon
Base triplet encoding amino
- gene expressionDNA to functional product
- DNAHereditary code molecule
- RNAGene expression molecule
genetic code · mutation · reading frame · anticodon · nonsense mutation · frameshift · open reading frame · degeneracy · synonymous
- peptide synthesisDCC, EDC, BOP, activators, NHS
- animal nutritiondigestibility, protein content, nutrient density, protein sources, protein intake
- tastantssucrose, glucose, fructose, sodium chloride, quinine
- chemicalschemicals, compounds, reagents, solutions, solution
- nutrientsprotein, vitamins, fats, minerals, vitamin
- nutritionnutrients, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins
amino acidsproteins
Amino acid polymers
polypeptides · complete proteins · enzymes · macromolecules · polymers
amino acidsfatty acids
Organic molecules in fats
lipids · carbohydrates · sugars · glucose · triglycerides
acid, acidic, acids, acidity, ammonia, amino acid, acidify, amino, acidification