molecules
Tiny chemical units
Molecules are the smallest units of a chemical compound, consisting of two or more atoms bonded together.
A water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
The term extends to any small particle or trace amount: There's not a molecule of truth in what he said.
In scientific contexts, molecular describes things at this scale: molecular biology, molecular structure.
Sharing electrons between atoms
- ionicConcerning charged particles
- hydrogen bondElectronegativity-based intermolecular attraction
- van der WaalsWeak intermolecular attractive force
- intermolecularBetween discrete molecules
dipole-dipole · metallic · bond energy · pi bond · valence · double bond · triple bond · polar
Combining parts into whole
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- catalystAgent enabling change
- enzymeProtein that hastens reactions
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
product · reactant · equilibrium · activation energy · reaction rate · mechanism · pathway · intermediate
Structural form or arrangement
- geometryScience of spatial relationships
- shapeExternal outline of something
- arrangementOrdered configuration or agreement
- isomerSame formula, different shape
stereochemistry · chirality · enantiomer · space-filling · configuration · folding · helix · ring
Amino acid polymers
- DNAHereditary code molecule
- RNAGene expression molecule
- lipidsWater-insoluble biomolecules
- carbohydratesSugar-based energy compounds
amino acids · nucleotides · enzymes · hormones · ATP · hemoglobin · insulin · glucose
State of opposing forces
- solubilityDissolving potential in liquid
- molar massGrams per mole measurement
- densityMass-to-volume ratio
- volatilityRapid, unpredictable changeability
viscosity · boiling point · melting point · spectroscopy · chromatography · diffusion · osmosis · concentration
covalent
Sharing electrons between atoms
- ionicConcerning charged particles
- hydrogen bondElectronegativity-based intermolecular attraction
- van der WaalsWeak intermolecular attractive force
intermolecular · dipole-dipole · metallic · bond energy · pi bond · valence · double bond · triple bond · polar · nonpolar
synthesis
Combining parts into whole
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- catalystAgent enabling change
- enzymeProtein that hastens reactions
substrate · product · reactant · equilibrium · activation energy · reaction rate · mechanism · pathway · intermediate · exothermic
conformation
Structural form or arrangement
- geometryScience of spatial relationships
- shapeExternal outline of something
- arrangementOrdered configuration or agreement
isomer · stereochemistry · chirality · enantiomer · space-filling · configuration · folding · helix · ring · chain
proteins
Amino acid polymers
carbohydrates · amino acids · nucleotides · enzymes · hormones · ATP · hemoglobin · insulin · glucose · cellulose
polarity
State of opposing forces
- solubilityDissolving potential in liquid
- molar massGrams per mole measurement
- densityMass-to-volume ratio
volatility · viscosity · boiling point · melting point · spectroscopy · chromatography · diffusion · osmosis · concentration · pH
protons
Positive nuclear particles
- neutronsUncharged subatomic particles
- electronsNegative charges in atoms
- nucleusCentral controlling part
subatomic · particles · quantum · elementary · atomic · isotopes · ions · orbitals · electron cloud · atomic number
- Physical Sciencesphysics, chemistry, astronomy, geology, meteorology
- discoveriesbreakthrough, scientific discovery, finding, uncovering, detection
- science classbiology, chemistry, physics, lab, experiment
- chemistryatom, atoms, organic chemistry, chemistry, elements
- organic chemistrybenzene ring, carbon chain, carbon compounds, hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon
- Microscale Biologycells, DNA, RNA, proteins, enzymes
moleculesatoms
Smallest elemental units
subatomic particles · electrons · elementary particles · protons · quarks
- molecular biologyStudy of cellular machinery
- molecular structureArrangement of atoms in compound
- water moleculeBonded oxygen-hydrogen trio
- molecular weightTotal mass of atoms
- organic moleculesCarbon-containing chemical structures
- molecular bondsAttractive forces between atoms
molecule, molecular, biomolecule, macromolecule, macromolecules, molecularly, biomolecular