DNA
Chromosome's information carrier
DNA is the molecule that carries genetic instructions in living organisms—a double helix of nucleotides encoding everything from eye color to disease susceptibility.
Short for deoxyribonucleic acid.
DNA evidence has transformed criminal investigation and paternity testing.
Figuratively, DNA describes essential character: Innovation is in the company's DNA.
Genetic code subunit
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- thymineDNA nitrogen base
- guaninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- cytosinePyrimidine nucleobase in genetics
backbone · phosphate · sugar · strand · antiparallel · histone · nucleosome · chromatin
Hereditary information unit
- chromosomeDNA strand carrying genes
- alleleGene variant at one locus
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
mutation · heredity · inheritance · heritability · dominant · recessive · polygenic · monogenic
Nucleic acid synthesis enzyme
- replicationAct of duplicating precisely
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- sequencingDetermining element order
- amplificationIncrease in intensity
primer · ligase · plasmid · vector · cloning · PCR · CRISPR · splicing
Recording unique digit patterns
- profilingCharacterizing by patterns
- evidenceFacts supporting truth
- paternityMale parent status
- identificationEstablishing who someone is
matching · database · suspect · contamination · sample · degraded · mitochondrial · loci
Family line of descent
- heritageInherited cultural legacy
- ethnicityShared cultural heritage group
- rootsUnderground nutrient absorbers
- genealogyStudy of family descent
haplogroup · maternal · paternal · migration · population · biogeography · indigenous · lineage
Study of entire genetic sequences
- bioinformaticsComputational analysis of genetic data
- sequencingDetermining element order
- recombinantGenetically engineered combination
- transgenicHaving inserted foreign genes
GMO · biotech · pharmaceutical · biomarker · diagnostic · screening
nucleotide
Genetic code subunit
cytosine · backbone · phosphate · sugar · strand · antiparallel · histone · nucleosome · chromatin · purine
gene
Hereditary information unit
- chromosomeDNA strand carrying genes
- alleleGene variant at one locus
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
phenotype · mutation · heredity · inheritance · heritability · dominant · recessive · polygenic · monogenic · epigenetics
polymerase
Nucleic acid synthesis enzyme
- replicationAct of duplicating precisely
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- sequencingDetermining element order
amplification · primer · ligase · plasmid · vector · cloning · PCR · CRISPR · splicing · codon
fingerprinting
Recording unique digit patterns
identification · matching · database · suspect · contamination · sample · degraded · mitochondrial · loci · exclusion
ancestry
Family line of descent
- heritageInherited cultural legacy
- ethnicityShared cultural heritage group
- rootsUnderground nutrient absorbers
genealogy · haplogroup · maternal · paternal · migration · population · biogeography · indigenous · lineage · relatives
genomics
Study of entire genetic sequences
- bioinformaticsComputational analysis of genetic data
- sequencingDetermining element order
- recombinantGenetically engineered combination
transgenic · GMO · biotech · pharmaceutical · biomarker · diagnostic · screening
- biologycells, cell, biology, gene, bacteriology
- medicinedoctor, doctors, hospital, medicine, surgery
- sciencebiology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, geology
- abbreviationsMr, Mrs, Ms, Dr, Jr
- biology termscell, genetics, genetic, evolution, vertebrate
- chemicalschemicals, compounds, acids, reagents, solutions
DNARNA
Gene expression molecule
protein · mRNA · amino acids · polypeptide · tRNA
DNAenvironment
External conditions affecting life
nurture · experience · culture · upbringing · learning
Evidence from direct observers
circumstantial evidence · alibi · confession · hearsay · motive
- DNA testHereditary material analysis
- DNA testingAnalyzing hereditary material
- DNA evidenceBiological material proving identity
- DNA analysisExamining hereditary material
- DNA resultsAnalysis of hereditary material
- DNA sampleBiological material for testing