biotechnology
Cells making products
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or biological systems to develop products and processes.
The field spans medicine (genetically engineered insulin, gene therapy), agriculture (drought-resistant crops, pest-resistant seeds), and industry (biofuels, enzyme production).
Biotechnology firms led the stock rally.
The term often suggests genetic manipulation, though it encompasses older techniques like fermentation and selective breeding.
Hereditary code molecule
- genomeOrganism's total hereditary material
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
- sequencingDetermining element order
- PCRDNA amplification technique
recombinant · cloning · plasmid · vector · transgene · genomics · mutagenesis · electrophoresis
Facility for scientific investigation
- microscopyTechnique using powerful lenses
- centrifugeSpinning density-separation device
- spectroscopyStudy of light-matter interaction
- chromatographyTechnique separating mixtures by differential migration
assay · pipette · bioinformatics · incubator · protocols · publications · grants · NIH
Moral philosophy for medicine
- consentVoluntary agreement given
- regulationOfficial rules governing conduct
- patentingLegally protecting an invention
- biosafetyProtection from biological hazards
biosecurity · dual-use · eugenics · oversight · access · equity · moratorium · governance
Medicines derived from living sources
- immunotherapyDisease treatment via body's defenses
- vaccineDisease prevention injection
- insulinPancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
- biosimilarsNear-copies of biologic medicines
drug-delivery · diagnostics · biomarkers · pharmacogenomics · antiviral · oncology · transplant · prosthetics
Microbial sugar conversion
- bioreactorVessel for growing organisms
- bioprocessingManufacturing via living organisms
- enzymesReaction-speeding proteins
- biofuelsFuel from living matter
bioethanol · biodiesel · bioplastics · biorefinery · yeast · bacteria · scale-up · biomanufacturing
Having inserted foreign genes
- GMOLab-altered life form
- pest-resistantAble to deter harmful insects
- biofortificationEnriching crops genetically
- drought-tolerantAble to withstand aridity
Living organisms detoxify pollutants
- biodegradationMicrobial breakdown of organics
- biosensorsDevices detecting via biological reactions
- bioaccumulationPollutant concentration in tissues
- detoxificationRemoving harmful substances internally
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- genomeOrganism's total hereditary material
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
- sequencingDetermining element order
PCR · recombinant · cloning · plasmid · vector · transgene · genomics · mutagenesis · electrophoresis · blotting
laboratory
Facility for scientific investigation
- microscopyTechnique using powerful lenses
- centrifugeSpinning density-separation device
- spectroscopyStudy of light-matter interaction
chromatography · assay · pipette · bioinformatics · incubator · protocols · publications · grants · NIH · R&D
bioethics
Moral philosophy for medicine
- consentVoluntary agreement given
- regulationOfficial rules governing conduct
- patentingLegally protecting an invention
biosafety · biosecurity · dual-use · eugenics · oversight · access · equity · moratorium · governance · transparency
biopharmaceuticals
Medicines derived from living sources
- immunotherapyDisease treatment via body's defenses
- vaccineDisease prevention injection
- insulinPancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
biosimilars · drug-delivery · diagnostics · biomarkers · pharmacogenomics · antiviral · oncology · transplant · prosthetics
fermentation
Microbial sugar conversion
- bioreactorVessel for growing organisms
- bioprocessingManufacturing via living organisms
- enzymesReaction-speeding proteins
biofuels · bioethanol · biodiesel · bioplastics · biorefinery · yeast · bacteria · scale-up · biomanufacturing · biosynthesis
transgenic
Having inserted foreign genes
- GMOLab-altered life form
- pest-resistantAble to deter harmful insects
- biofortificationEnriching crops genetically
drought-tolerant · biofertilizers · biopesticides · pharming · aquaculture
bioremediation
Living organisms detoxify pollutants
- biodegradationMicrobial breakdown of organics
- biosensorsDevices detecting via biological reactions
- bioaccumulationPollutant concentration in tissues
detoxification · eco-friendly · sustainability · de-extinction
- agronomyagronomy, crop yield, soil science, crop yields, cultivation
- biologycells, DNA, cell, gene, bacteriology
- sciencechemistry, physics, astronomy, geology, electron
- STEMscience, engineering, mathematics, math, chemistry
- Applied Sciencesengineering, medicine, computer science, pharmacology, robotics
- Biomedicineanatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, immunology
biotechnologymechanical engineering
Design of machines and systems
electronics · robotics · mechanical systems · civil engineering · electrical engineering
biotechnologynatural processes
Unengineered occurrences in nature
wild nature · organic farming · natural selection · wilderness · non-GMO
biotechnologytraditional methods
Long-established ways of doing
traditional crafts · handcraft · manual labor · folk medicine · ancestral practices
biotechnological, biotechnologies, biotechnologist, biotechnologists