chromosomes
Paired genetic strands
Chromosomes is the plural of chromosome, a thread-like structure in cells that carries genetic information.
Each chromosome contains DNA organized into genes.
Humans typically have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
The test revealed an extra chromosome.
Chromosome abnormalities can cause genetic disorders like Down syndrome.
Nuclear division producing identical cells
- meiosisGamete-producing cell division
- prophaseFirst mitotic stage
- metaphaseChromosomal equator formation stage
- anaphaseChromatid separation stage
telophase · cytokinesis · segregation · synapsis · tetrad · bivalent · replication · condensation
Units of heredity
- allelesVariant forms of genes
- locusParticular position or place
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
inheritance · dominant · recessive · linkage · recombination · mutation · polymorphism · haplotype
Replicated chromosome copy
- centromereChromosome's spindle attachment site
- telomereProtective chromosome terminus
- histoneChromosome-packing protein
- nucleosomeHistone-DNA complex
Hereditary code molecule
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- guaninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- cytosinePyrimidine nucleobase in genetics
thymine · codon · transcription · replication · histones · packaging · nucleosome · methylation
Formation of distinct species
- fusionJoining into unity
- fissionNuclear breakup releasing energy
- hybridizationMixing distinct genetic lines
- phylogeneticsScience of ancestral relationships
Removal of content
- duplicationMaking an identical copy
- translocationMovement to another place
- inversionReversal of position
- amniocentesisPrenatal diagnostic fluid extraction
mitosis
Nuclear division producing identical cells
- meiosisGamete-producing cell division
- prophaseFirst mitotic stage
- metaphaseChromosomal equator formation stage
anaphase · telophase · cytokinesis · segregation · synapsis · tetrad · bivalent · replication · condensation · alignment
genes
Units of heredity
- allelesVariant forms of genes
- locusParticular position or place
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
phenotype · inheritance · dominant · recessive · linkage · recombination · mutation · polymorphism · haplotype · marker
chromatid
Replicated chromosome copy
- centromereChromosome's spindle attachment site
- telomereProtective chromosome terminus
- histoneChromosome-packing protein
nucleosome · homolog · banding · karyotype · diploid · haploid · trisomy
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- guaninePurine nucleobase in DNA
cytosine · thymine · codon · transcription · replication · histones · packaging · nucleosome · methylation · acetylation
speciation
Formation of distinct species
- fusionJoining into unity
- fissionNuclear breakup releasing energy
- hybridizationMixing distinct genetic lines
deletion
Removal of content
- duplicationMaking an identical copy
- translocationMovement to another place
- inversionReversal of position
- hereditygenes, DNA, gene, genetics, genome
- Biology HistoryDarwin, Mendel, evolution, natural selection, cell theory
- BiotechDNA, bioengineering, genetic testing, gene, DNA sequencing
- cell biologycell membrane, cell division, cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria
- geneticsDNA, allele, genotype, genes, gene
- DNA AnalysisDNA, DNA profiling, DNA testing, DNA sequencing, DNA fingerprinting
chromosomesepigenetics
Heritable expression changes, sequence intact
mitochondrial DNA · maternal inheritance · prions · environmental factors
- sex chromosomeGene carrier determining gender
- X chromosomeSex-determining genetic element
- Y chromosomeMale sex determinant
- chromosome numberCount of genetic packages
- chromosome doublingFull genome replication event
- chromosomal disorderIllness from atypical cellular genetics