plasmids
Circular DNA molecules
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some other organisms, separate from the main chromosome.
They replicate independently and often carry genes for antibiotic resistance or other survival advantages.
Molecular biologists use plasmids as vectors to insert foreign genes into cells: We cloned the gene into a plasmid for expression in E. coli.
Quantity with direction
- ligationSurgical binding of vessels
- DNA sequencingReading nucleotide base order
- recombinantGenetically engineered combination
- insertionPlacing something within
PCR · antibiotic resistance · copy number · backbone · linearization
Verb form variation system
- transformationThorough change in form
- antibiotic resistanceMicrobes surviving intended killers
- pathogenicityAbility to cause illness
- copy numberInstances of a gene
Medical DNA modification treatment
- transgenesForeign DNA added artificially
- transfectionNon-viral gene introduction
- transductionSignal or energy transformation
- genetic disordersConditions caused by mutations
cystic fibrosis · DNA vaccine · in vivo · clinical trials · immunotherapy
Lab-fused genetic sequences
- genetic engineeringDeliberate DNA modification
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
- Cas9DNA-cutting enzyme
- biopharmaceuticalsMedicines derived from living sources
Having two linked strands
- relaxedFree of stress
- kilobaseThousand nucleotides unit
- open reading frameUninterrupted codon sequence
- terminatorOne who ends things
vector
Quantity with direction
- ligationSurgical binding of vessels
- DNA sequencingReading nucleotide base order
- recombinantGenetically engineered combination
insertion · PCR · antibiotic resistance · copy number · backbone · linearization
conjugation
Verb form variation system
- transformationThorough change in form
- antibiotic resistanceMicrobes surviving intended killers
- pathogenicityAbility to cause illness
gene therapy
Medical DNA modification treatment
- transgenesForeign DNA added artificially
- transfectionNon-viral gene introduction
- transductionSignal or energy transformation
genetic disorders · cystic fibrosis · DNA vaccine · in vivo · clinical trials · immunotherapy
recombinant DNA
Lab-fused genetic sequences
- genetic engineeringDeliberate DNA modification
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
- Cas9DNA-cutting enzyme
biopharmaceuticals · synthetic biology · gene editing · insulin production
double-stranded
Having two linked strands
- relaxedFree of stress
- kilobaseThousand nucleotides unit
- open reading frameUninterrupted codon sequence
terminator · insert · backbone · nicked
- geneticsDNA, allele, genotype, genes, gene
- Biochemistry Labenzymes, proteins, DNA, RNA, amino acids
- Microscale Biologycells, DNA, RNA, proteins, enzymes
- Bacterial Geneticsoperon, conjugation, transduction, transformation, gene transfer
- BioShockColumbia, Elizabeth, Jack, EVE, splicers
- Gene Therapygene therapy, gene transfer, gene editing, transgene, transgenes