cytosol
Intracellular liquid medium
Cytosol is the liquid component of a cell's cytoplasm—the watery solution filling the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus, excluding organelles.
Most of the cell's metabolic reactions occur in the cytosol: Enzymes in the cytosol break down glucose.
The term distinguishes the fluid itself from the larger cytoplasm, which includes suspended structures.
Glucose metabolism producing ATP
- pyruvateThree-carbon acid from glycolysis
- lactateProduce milk naturally
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
- fatty acid synthesisMetabolic creation of lipids
substrate · NADH · ATP · ADP · anabolism · catabolism · biosynthesis
Within cell membranes
- organellesSpecialized cell subunits
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
- endoplasmic reticulumCytoplasmic membrane network for synthesis
lysosomes · peroxisomes · vesicles · endosomes · cell membrane · aqueous · subcellular · partitioning
Cellular translation machinery
- translationConverting between languages
- chaperonesSupervising companions for youth
- protein foldingChain becoming functional structure
- degradationDecline in condition
enzymes · protein synthesis · mRNA · tRNA
Clear essential liquid
- ionsAtoms bearing charge
- calciumElement twenty, builds bones
- potassiumNineteenth element, symbol K
- sodiumEleventh element, highly reactive
chloride · magnesium · bicarbonate · electrolytes · glucose · amino acids · nucleotides · metabolites
Hollow cellular protein structures
- tubulinMicrotubule protein component
- actinCellular contractile protein
- myosinMotor protein enabling contraction
- structural supportElement bearing weight
glycolysis
Glucose metabolism producing ATP
- pyruvateThree-carbon acid from glycolysis
- lactateProduce milk naturally
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
fatty acid synthesis · substrate · NADH · ATP · ADP · anabolism · catabolism · biosynthesis
intracellular
Within cell membranes
- organellesSpecialized cell subunits
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
endoplasmic reticulum · lysosomes · peroxisomes · vesicles · endosomes · cell membrane · aqueous · subcellular · partitioning · localization
ribosomes
Cellular translation machinery
- translationConverting between languages
- chaperonesSupervising companions for youth
- protein foldingChain becoming functional structure
degradation · enzymes · protein synthesis · mRNA · tRNA
water
Clear essential liquid
sodium · chloride · magnesium · bicarbonate · electrolytes · glucose · amino acids · nucleotides · metabolites · pH
microtubules
Hollow cellular protein structures
receptor
Signal-receiving molecule
- phosphorylationPhosphate group attachment process
cytosolmembrane
Thin tissue sheet
cell membrane · plasma membrane · organelle · nucleus · mitochondrial matrix