karyotyping
Chromosome picture analysis
Karyotyping is the laboratory process of analyzing chromosomes—arranging and photographing them to reveal their number, size, and structure.
The technique detects genetic abnormalities like Down syndrome or Turner syndrome: Prenatal karyotyping showed the fetus had an extra chromosome.
The resulting image is called a karyotype.
Gene-bearing nuclear structures
- autosomesNon-sex chromosome pairs
- centromereChromosome's spindle attachment site
- telomereProtective chromosome terminus
- chromatidReplicated chromosome copy
metaphase · trisomy · deletion · duplication · translocation · inversion
Chromosome structure and inheritance science
- microscopyTechnique using powerful lenses
- bandingAdding decorative strips
- fluorescenceLight emitted after absorption
- G-bandingChromosome visualization staining method
FISH · staining · imaging · laboratory
Nuclear division producing identical cells
- meiosisGamete-producing cell division
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- colchicineGout medication from flowers
- spindleRotating rod for thread
diploid · haploid · interphase · prophase · lymphocytes · fibroblasts
Organism's total hereditary material
- genesUnits of heredity
- DNAHereditary code molecule
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
mutation · inheritance · recombination · loci · alleles · Y-chromosome
Prenatal diagnostic fluid extraction
- screeningEvaluative selection process
- mosaicismMixed genetic makeup
- abnormalitiesDeviations from standard patterns
- anomalyDeparture from the expected
leukemia · lymphoma · oncology · pediatrics
chromosomes
Gene-bearing nuclear structures
- autosomesNon-sex chromosome pairs
- centromereChromosome's spindle attachment site
- telomereProtective chromosome terminus
chromatid · metaphase · trisomy · deletion · duplication · translocation · inversion
cytogenetics
Chromosome structure and inheritance science
- microscopyTechnique using powerful lenses
- bandingAdding decorative strips
- fluorescenceLight emitted after absorption
G-banding · FISH · staining · imaging · laboratory
mitosis
Nuclear division producing identical cells
- meiosisGamete-producing cell division
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- colchicineGout medication from flowers
spindle · diploid · haploid · interphase · prophase · lymphocytes · fibroblasts
genome
Organism's total hereditary material
phenotype · mutation · inheritance · recombination · loci · alleles · Y-chromosome
amniocentesis
Prenatal diagnostic fluid extraction
- screeningEvaluative selection process
- mosaicismMixed genetic makeup
- abnormalitiesDeviations from standard patterns
anomaly · leukemia · lymphoma · oncology · pediatrics
- fertilityfertility, fecundity, infertility, conception, reproduction
- prenatal testsamniocentesis, ultrasound, nuchal translucency, genetic screening, blood test
- Cytogeneticschromosomes, autosomes, G-banding, sex chromosomes, FISH
- cytologycytology, Pap test, cell division, cytoplasm, chromosome
- Genetic TestsDNA test, genotyping, DNA sequencing, genome sequencing, newborn screening
- Lab Techniquescentrifugation, electrophoresis, PCR, streak plate, microscopy