proteins
Muscle-building nutrients
Proteins are large, complex molecules that perform most of the work in living cells.
They're built from chains of amino acids and serve countless functions: enzymes that catalyze reactions, antibodies that fight infection, hemoglobin that carries oxygen.
In nutrition, protein is one of the three macronutrients alongside carbohydrates and fats: You need to get enough protein in your diet.
High-protein foods include meat, fish, eggs, and legumes.
Erythrocyte's oxygen-binding protein
- albuminBlood and egg protein
- fibrinogenPlasma protein for coagulation
- globulinPlasma protein class
- immunoglobulinDefensive blood protein
prothrombin · thrombin · ferritin · myoglobin · serum · plasma · clotting factors · complement
Fowl's pectoral meat
- fishGilled aquatic vertebrate
- eggsReproductive cells in shells
- tofuCoagulated soy milk block
- legumesEdible pod-bearing plants
lentils · beans · nuts · seeds · quinoa · turkey · soy · dairy
Structural body protein
- keratinStructural hair protein
- elastinProtein enabling tissue recoil
- fibrinClot-forming protein
- tubulinMicrotubule protein component
scaffold · cytoskeleton · connective tissue · cartilage · tendons · ligaments · skin · hair
Amino acid polymer
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- peptide bondAmino acid connection
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
- translationConverting between languages
codon · folding · chaperone · denaturation · domain · motif · conformation · misfolding
Proteins targeting pathogens
- immunoglobulinsProtective blood proteins
- cytokinesImmune signaling proteins
- interferonsAntiviral signaling proteins
- complementWhat makes complete
antigens · receptors · T-cells · B-cells · macrophage · phagocytosis · interleukins · adaptive
Cellular contractile protein
- myosinMotor protein enabling contraction
- troponinMuscle regulatory protein complex
- contractionReduction in size
- filamentVery thin thread
fiber · hypertrophy · atrophy · skeletal · cardiac · smooth · myoglobin · creatine
Agent enabling change
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- active siteEnzyme region binding substrates
- kineticsScience of motion forces
- cofactorEnzyme-activating compound
peptidase · polymerase · ligase · hydrolase · transferase · kinase · protease · amylase
hemoglobin
Erythrocyte's oxygen-binding protein
- albuminBlood and egg protein
- fibrinogenPlasma protein for coagulation
- globulinPlasma protein class
immunoglobulin · prothrombin · thrombin · ferritin · myoglobin · serum · plasma · clotting factors · complement · antibodies
chicken breast
Fowl's pectoral meat
legumes · lentils · beans · nuts · seeds · quinoa · turkey · soy · dairy · whey
collagen
Structural body protein
tubulin · scaffold · cytoskeleton · connective tissue · cartilage · tendons · ligaments · skin · hair · nails
polypeptide
Amino acid polymer
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- peptide bondAmino acid connection
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
translation · codon · folding · chaperone · denaturation · domain · motif · conformation · misfolding · aggregation
antibodies
Proteins targeting pathogens
- immunoglobulinsProtective blood proteins
- cytokinesImmune signaling proteins
- interferonsAntiviral signaling proteins
complement · antigens · receptors · T-cells · B-cells · macrophage · phagocytosis · interleukins · adaptive · innate
actin
Cellular contractile protein
- myosinMotor protein enabling contraction
- troponinMuscle regulatory protein complex
- contractionReduction in size
filament · fiber · hypertrophy · atrophy · skeletal · cardiac · smooth · myoglobin · creatine · anabolism
catalyst
Agent enabling change
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- active siteEnzyme region binding substrates
- kineticsScience of motion forces
cofactor · peptidase · polymerase · ligase · hydrolase · transferase · kinase · protease · amylase · lipase
- nutrientsvitamins, fats, minerals, vitamin, fat
- Biochemicalsamino acid, amino acids, DNA, RNA, nucleic acids
- BiomoleculesDNA, RNA, enzyme, mRNA, lipid
- cell biologycell membrane, cell division, cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria
- organic compoundshydrocarbon, alcohol, alkane, ethane, propane
- proteinsalbumin, collagen, casein, keratin, hemoglobin
proteinssimple sugars
Single-unit carbohydrate molecules
monosaccharides · water · minerals · ions · amino acids
proteinsnucleic acids
Biopolymers carrying genetic code
DNA · RNA · polysaccharides · carbohydrates · lipids
- protein shakeBlended supplement drink
- protein barsNutrient-dense portable snacks
- protein powderConcentrated amino acid supplement
- lean proteinLow-fat amino acid source
- plant-based proteinNutrients from flora sources
- high-protein dietFood regimen rich in amino acids