biochemistry
Cellular reaction science
Biochemistry is the branch of science that studies chemical processes within living organisms—the molecular mechanisms of metabolism, genetics, and cellular function.
It bridges biology and chemistry, examining how proteins fold, how enzymes catalyze reactions, how DNA replicates.
She majored in biochemistry before medical school.
Amino acid polymers
- DNAHereditary code molecule
- RNAGene expression molecule
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- nucleotidesDNA and RNA subunits
lipids · carbohydrates · polysaccharides · fatty acids · peptides · phospholipids · steroids · macromolecules
Accelerating reactions without consumption
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- active siteEnzyme region binding substrates
- kineticsScience of motion forces
- cofactorEnzyme-activating compound
inhibition · activation · zymogen · hydrolase · ligase · transferase · protease · lipase
Cell's energy molecule
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- catabolismMetabolic molecular dismantling
- anabolismMetabolic construction of molecules
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
cellular respiration · NADH · fermentation · citric acid cycle · energy production · photosynthesis · chloroplast · metabolite
Two intertwined spirals
- base pairingNucleotide hydrogen bond matching
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- thymineDNA nitrogen base
- cytosinePyrimidine nucleobase in genetics
guanine · nucleotide · mRNA · tRNA · ribosome · anticodon · protein synthesis · blotting
Hereditary code molecule
- genesUnits of heredity
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- mutationPermanent DNA alteration
- genomeOrganism's total hereditary material
transcription · translation · replication · alleles · phenotype · genotype · epigenetics · gene expression
Facility for scientific investigation
- assayCompositional evaluation procedure
- pipetteGraduated liquid transfer tube
- centrifugeSpinning density-separation device
- bufferProtective intermediate space
reagent · titration · spectrophotometer · cell culture · in vitro · in vivo · peer review · scientific method
Manufactured therapeutic substances
- drug discoveryDeveloping new therapeutic compounds
- biotechnologyEngineering using living systems
- genetic engineeringDeliberate DNA modification
- diagnosticsMethods identifying problems
immunology · oncology · neuroscience · agriculture · fermentation · biofuels · gene therapy · vaccine development
proteins
Amino acid polymers
- DNAHereditary code molecule
- RNAGene expression molecule
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
nucleotides · lipids · carbohydrates · polysaccharides · fatty acids · peptides · phospholipids · steroids · macromolecules · glycoproteins
catalysis
Accelerating reactions without consumption
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- active siteEnzyme region binding substrates
- kineticsScience of motion forces
cofactor · inhibition · activation · zymogen · hydrolase · ligase · transferase · protease · lipase · amylase
ATP
Cell's energy molecule
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- catabolismMetabolic molecular dismantling
- anabolismMetabolic construction of molecules
mitochondria · cellular respiration · NADH · fermentation · citric acid cycle · energy production · photosynthesis · chloroplast · metabolite
double helix
Two intertwined spirals
- base pairingNucleotide hydrogen bond matching
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- thymineDNA nitrogen base
cytosine · guanine · nucleotide · mRNA · tRNA · ribosome · anticodon · protein synthesis · blotting · spectroscopy
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- genesUnits of heredity
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- mutationPermanent DNA alteration
genome · transcription · translation · replication · alleles · phenotype · genotype · epigenetics · gene expression · CRISPR
laboratory
Facility for scientific investigation
- assayCompositional evaluation procedure
- pipetteGraduated liquid transfer tube
- centrifugeSpinning density-separation device
buffer · reagent · titration · spectrophotometer · cell culture · in vitro · in vivo · peer review · scientific method · hypothesis
pharmaceuticals
Manufactured therapeutic substances
- drug discoveryDeveloping new therapeutic compounds
- biotechnologyEngineering using living systems
- genetic engineeringDeliberate DNA modification
diagnostics · immunology · oncology · neuroscience · agriculture · fermentation · biofuels · gene therapy · vaccine development · biomarkers
- biologycells, DNA, cell, gene, bacteriology
- sciencephysics, astronomy, geology, electron, genes
- sciencesphysics, astronomy, geology, mathematics, ecology
- STEMscience, engineering, mathematics, math, technology
- academic fieldsmathematics, physics, history, philosophy, psychology
- Biomedicineanatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, immunology
biochemistryinorganic chemistry
Study of non-carbon-based compounds
physics · geology · astrophysics · particle physics · geophysics
biochemistrypure mathematics
Mathematics pursued abstractly
theoretical physics · philosophy · logic · number theory · metaphysics