peptides
Amino acid chains
Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by chemical bonds.
They're the building blocks of proteins—when peptide chains grow long enough, they become proteins.
In biology and medicine, peptides function as hormones, neurotransmitters, and signaling molecules: insulin is a peptide hormone.
Skincare products tout peptides for stimulating collagen production.
Bloodstream signaling molecules
- receptorsProteins binding specific molecules
- neurotransmittersChemical neural messengers
- insulinPancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
- glucagonPancreatic blood-sugar raiser
oxytocin · vasopressin · endorphins · neuropeptides · cytokines · growth factors · secretion · endocrine
Structural body protein
- elastinProtein enabling tissue recoil
- anti-agingCounteracting effects of time
- wrinklesSurface lines from folding
- serumsAntibody-containing blood fluids
moisturizers · firming · skin barrier · hydration · cosmeceuticals
Amino acid polymers
- enzymesReaction-speeding proteins
- ribosomesCellular translation machinery
- synthesisCombining parts into whole
- biosynthesisLiving production of molecules
metabolism · substrates · macromolecules · biopolymers · translation · transcription · proteolysis · hydrolysis
Organic compounds forming proteins
- dipeptideTwo linked amino acids
- sequenceOrdered succession of elements
- residuesWhat's left after processing
- chainLinked segments forming length
bonding · conformation · backbone · folding · N-terminus · C-terminus
Therapeutic chemical compounds
- pharmaceuticalsManufactured therapeutic substances
- antibioticsBacteria-destroying medicines
- antiviralsMedicines that inhibit viruses
- antimicrobialsSubstances killing microscopic organisms
vaccines · immunotherapy · chemotherapy · analgesics · antitumor · drug delivery · injection · infusion
Concentrated nutrient products
- protein synthesisAssembling amino acid chains
- muscle growthIncrease in tissue size
- bodybuildingMuscle enlargement for appearance
- sports nutritionDiet optimized for athletes
bioavailability · absorption · digestion · nutraceuticals · satiety · weight management · recovery
hormones
Bloodstream signaling molecules
- receptorsProteins binding specific molecules
- neurotransmittersChemical neural messengers
- insulinPancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
glucagon · oxytocin · vasopressin · endorphins · neuropeptides · cytokines · growth factors · secretion · endocrine · ghrelin
collagen
Structural body protein
- elastinProtein enabling tissue recoil
- anti-agingCounteracting effects of time
- wrinklesSurface lines from folding
serums · moisturizers · firming · skin barrier · hydration · cosmeceuticals
proteins
Amino acid polymers
- enzymesReaction-speeding proteins
- ribosomesCellular translation machinery
- synthesisCombining parts into whole
biosynthesis · metabolism · substrates · macromolecules · biopolymers · translation · transcription · proteolysis · hydrolysis · catalysis
amino acids
Organic compounds forming proteins
- dipeptideTwo linked amino acids
- sequenceOrdered succession of elements
- residuesWhat's left after processing
chain · bonding · conformation · backbone · folding · N-terminus · C-terminus
drugs
Therapeutic chemical compounds
- pharmaceuticalsManufactured therapeutic substances
- antibioticsBacteria-destroying medicines
- antiviralsMedicines that inhibit viruses
antimicrobials · vaccines · immunotherapy · chemotherapy · analgesics · antitumor · drug delivery · injection · infusion · transdermal
dietary supplements
Concentrated nutrient products
- protein synthesisAssembling amino acid chains
- muscle growthIncrease in tissue size
- bodybuildingMuscle enlargement for appearance
sports nutrition · bioavailability · absorption · digestion · nutraceuticals · satiety · weight management · recovery
- biomaterialscollagen, titanium implants, silicone, scaffolds, dental implants
- beautymakeup, cosmetics, lipstick, mascara, eyeliner
- chemicalschemicals, compounds, acids, reagents, solutions
- skincarecream, lotion, moisturizer, facial, serum
- Substancesmatter, elements, compounds, molecules, atoms
- supplementsmultivitamins, multivitamin, vitamin, vitamin B6, minerals
peptidescarbohydrates
Sugar-based energy compounds
lipids · nucleic acids · polysaccharides · fatty acids · steroids
- signal peptideProtein sorting tag
- peptide bondAmino acid connection
signal peptide, peptide, polypeptide, polypeptides, tripeptide