nucleotides
DNA's building blocks
Nucleotides are the molecular building blocks of DNA and RNA.
Each consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
The sequence of nucleotides encodes genetic information—the four DNA nucleotides (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine) form the alphabet of the genetic code.
The mutation changed a single nucleotide in the gene.
Double-ringed nitrogenous bases
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- guaninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- cytosinePyrimidine nucleobase in genetics
- thymineDNA nitrogen base
uracil · phosphate · sugar · backbone · deoxyribose · ribose · base · nitrogenous
Purine nucleobase in DNA
- thymineDNA nitrogen base
- cytosinePyrimidine nucleobase in genetics
- guaninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- deoxyriboseSugar in genetic helices
replication · genome · chromosomes · sequencing · mutation · polymerase · genomics · telomere
RNA pyrimidine nucleobase
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- cytosinePyrimidine nucleobase in genetics
- guaninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- ribosePentose in nucleotides
mRNA · tRNA · transcription · codon · anticodon · ribosome · splicing · introns
Attaching a methyl group
- acetylationAcetyl group attachment
- imprintingRapid early learning attachment
- 5-methylcytosineCytosine with added methyl
Cell's energy molecule
- ADPPayroll processing firm
- AMPNucleotide or web standard
- GTPGuanine nucleotide triphosphate
- adenosinePurine nucleoside in cells
triphosphate · diphosphate · monophosphate · phosphate · mitochondria · metabolism · glycolysis · phosphorylation
purines
Double-ringed nitrogenous bases
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- guaninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- cytosinePyrimidine nucleobase in genetics
thymine · uracil · phosphate · sugar · backbone · deoxyribose · ribose · base · nitrogenous · pentose
adenine
Purine nucleobase in DNA
deoxyribose · replication · genome · chromosomes · sequencing · mutation · polymerase · genomics · telomere · chromatin
uracil
RNA pyrimidine nucleobase
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- cytosinePyrimidine nucleobase in genetics
- guaninePurine nucleobase in DNA
ribose · mRNA · tRNA · transcription · codon · anticodon · ribosome · splicing · introns · translation
methylation
Attaching a methyl group
- acetylationAcetyl group attachment
- imprintingRapid early learning attachment
- 5-methylcytosineCytosine with added methyl
ATP
Cell's energy molecule
adenosine · triphosphate · diphosphate · monophosphate · phosphate · mitochondria · metabolism · glycolysis · phosphorylation · hydrolysis
cyclic
Repeating in sequence
- DNA ReplicationDNA replication, replication, DNA polymerase, Okazaki fragments, genome duplication
- chemicalschemicals, compounds, acids, reagents, solutions
- Substancesmatter, elements, compounds, molecules, atoms
- Biochemicalsamino acid, amino acids, protein, proteins, DNA
- BiomoleculesDNA, protein, RNA, enzyme, mRNA
- chemistryatom, atoms, organic chemistry, molecule, chemistry
nucleotidesamino acids
Organic compounds forming proteins
peptides · polypeptides · proteins · fatty acids · lipids
nucleotidesnucleic acids
Biopolymers carrying genetic code
DNA · RNA · chromosomes · genes · genomes