number theory
Study of integers
Number theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties and relationships of integers—particularly prime numbers, divisibility, and patterns among whole numbers.
Though often pursued for pure intellectual interest, number theory underlies modern cryptography: Public-key encryption relies on number theory.
Problems in number theory can be deceptively simple to state but fiendishly difficult to prove.
Decomposing into multiplicative parts
- greatest common divisorLargest shared factor
- least common multipleSmallest shared divisible value
- congruenceState of agreement
- residueMatter left behind
Public-key encryption algorithm
- encryptionConverting data into code
- prime factorizationUnique prime product representation
- public keyShareable encryption component
- Diffie-HellmanPublic-key agreement method
digital signature · cryptanalysis · post-quantum · pseudorandom · secure communication
Mass-to-volume ratio
- asymptoticApproaching a limit infinitely
- generating functionsPower series encoding sequences
- zerosSymbols for nothing
factorization
Decomposing into multiplicative parts
- greatest common divisorLargest shared factor
- least common multipleSmallest shared divisible value
- congruenceState of agreement
Ramanujan
- HardyName connoting toughness
RSA
Public-key encryption algorithm
- encryptionConverting data into code
- prime factorizationUnique prime product representation
- public keyShareable encryption component
Diffie-Hellman · digital signature · cryptanalysis · post-quantum · pseudorandom · secure communication
density
Mass-to-volume ratio
- asymptoticApproaching a limit infinitely
- generating functionsPower series encoding sequences
- zerosSymbols for nothing
- mathaddition, subtraction, multiplication, division, algebra
- mathematicsalgebra, arithmetic, calculus, geometry, addition
- sciencesbiology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, geology
- academic fieldsmathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, history
- exact sciencesmathematics, physics, chemistry, math, algebra
- Greek scienceAristotle, Archimedes, Euclid, Ptolemy, Hippocrates
number theoryapplied mathematics
Problem-solving through quantitative methods
number, theory, numbers, numbered, numbering, numerical, enumerate, innumerable, numberless