protons
Hydrogen nuclei, essentially
Protons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of every atom, carrying a positive electric charge.
The number of protons defines what element an atom is—hydrogen has one, helium has two, uranium has ninety-two.
In chemistry and physics, protons are fundamental: The proton count determines an element's atomic number.
Protons also appear in discussions of particle accelerators and radiation therapy.
Uncharged subatomic particles
- electronsNegative charges in atoms
- quarksFundamental hadron components
- gluonsStrong force exchange particles
- positronsAntimatter counterparts of electrons
antiprotons · nucleons · hadrons · baryons · fermions · leptons · muons · subatomic
Uncharged subatomic particles
- nucleonsProtons or neutrons
- strong forceSubatomic binding interaction
- nuclearOf atomic energy
- atomic numberProton quantity per nucleus
isotopes · radioactivity · decay · fission · bombardment · transmutation · alpha particle · atomic mass
Negative subatomic particle
- deuteriumHydrogen isotope with neutron
- tritiumHydrogen's radioactive isotope
- protiumSingle-proton hydrogen isotope
- isotopesAtomic number twins
hydrogen ion · periodic table · hydrogenation · fuel cell · diatomic · spectral lines · Balmer series · interstellar
Energy propagation through space
- oncologyCancer medicine specialty
- tumorAbnormal tissue mass
- cancer treatmentMedical intervention for malignancy
- cyclotronSpiral-path particle accelerator
synchrotron · beam · dosimetry · radiotherapy · targeting · imaging · PET scan
Positively charged ion
- acidLow-pH chemical compound
- pHMeasure of solution acidity
- donorOne who contributes freely
- acceptorOne who takes something
electrolyte · ionization · conjugate · buffer · dissociation · titration · pKa · catalysis
Electrified matter state
- thermonuclearInvolving nuclear fusion heat
- heliumLightest noble gas
- sunEarth's primary star
- starsLuminous celestial bodies
energy · ignition · tokamak · nuclear reaction · astrophysics · luminosity · neutrinos · gamma rays
neutrons
Uncharged subatomic particles
- electronsNegative charges in atoms
- quarksFundamental hadron components
- gluonsStrong force exchange particles
positrons · antiprotons · nucleons · hadrons · baryons · fermions · leptons · muons · subatomic · elementary
neutrons
Uncharged subatomic particles
- nucleonsProtons or neutrons
- strong forceSubatomic binding interaction
- nuclearOf atomic energy
atomic number · isotopes · radioactivity · decay · fission · bombardment · transmutation · alpha particle · atomic mass · nuclide
electron
Negative subatomic particle
- deuteriumHydrogen isotope with neutron
- tritiumHydrogen's radioactive isotope
- protiumSingle-proton hydrogen isotope
isotopes · hydrogen ion · periodic table · hydrogenation · fuel cell · diatomic · spectral lines · Balmer series · interstellar · primordial
radiation
Energy propagation through space
- oncologyCancer medicine specialty
- tumorAbnormal tissue mass
- cancer treatmentMedical intervention for malignancy
cyclotron · synchrotron · beam · dosimetry · radiotherapy · targeting · imaging · PET scan
cation
Positively charged ion
acceptor · electrolyte · ionization · conjugate · buffer · dissociation · titration · pKa · catalysis · hydrogen bond
plasma
Electrified matter state
- thermonuclearInvolving nuclear fusion heat
- heliumLightest noble gas
- sunEarth's primary star
stars · energy · ignition · tokamak · nuclear reaction · astrophysics · luminosity · neutrinos · gamma rays · main sequence
- cosmic matterstars, galaxies, dark matter, planets, cosmic dust
- element propertiesatomic number, atomic mass, atomic weight, symbol, electronegativity
- subatomic particleselectrons, neutrons, photons, neutrinos, positrons
- astroparticlescosmic rays, neutrinos, gamma rays, photons, electrons
- cosmic rayscosmic rays, cosmic radiation, solar rays, electron, electrons
- Lewis acidsborane, lithium ion, transition metals
protonselectrons
Negative charges in atoms
antiprotons · leptons · anions · valence electrons · antiquarks
- proton donorYields H+ ions
- proton beamFocused positive particle current
- proton therapyCancer treatment with charged particles