biomolecular
Of living molecules
Biomolecular describes things relating to or involving the molecules found in living organisms—proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates.
The term appears in scientific contexts: biomolecular research, biomolecular engineering, biomolecular interactions.
It emphasizes the chemical basis of biological processes.
Water-insoluble biomolecules
- carbohydratesSugar-based energy compounds
- polysaccharidesMulti-unit sugar polymers
- fatty acidsOrganic molecules in fats
- steroidsPerformance-enhancing hormones
hormones · vitamins · alkaloids · terpenes · flavonoids · antioxidants · phytochemicals · glycolipids
Amino acid polymers
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- peptidesBonded amino acid sequences
- polypeptidesBonded amino acid sequences
- foldingBending something over itself
conformation · domains · motifs · crystallography · binding site · active site · macromolecules · glycoproteins
Reaction-speeding proteins
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- metabolismCellular nutrient conversion
- anabolismMetabolic construction of molecules
- catabolismMetabolic molecular dismantling
ATP · cofactors · coenzymes · substrate · kinetics · pathway · glycolysis · oxidation
Hereditary code molecule
- RNAGene expression molecule
- genesUnits of heredity
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- nucleotidesDNA and RNA subunits
sequencing · transcription · translation · mutation · genotype · phenotype · alleles · heredity
Thin tissue sheet
- cytoplasmGel surrounding the nucleus
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
- nucleusCentral controlling part
organelle · lysosome · endoplasmic reticulum · cytoskeleton · vesicle · peroxisome · vacuole · chloroplast
Compositional evaluation procedure
- spectroscopyStudy of light-matter interaction
- chromatographyTechnique separating mixtures by differential migration
- electrophoresisField-driven particle separation
- mass spectrometryMeasures ionic weight ratios
PCR · blotting · centrifugation · purification · extraction · quantification · detection · fluorescence
lipids
Water-insoluble biomolecules
- carbohydratesSugar-based energy compounds
- polysaccharidesMulti-unit sugar polymers
- fatty acidsOrganic molecules in fats
steroids · hormones · vitamins · alkaloids · terpenes · flavonoids · antioxidants · phytochemicals · glycolipids · phospholipids
proteins
Amino acid polymers
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- peptidesBonded amino acid sequences
- polypeptidesBonded amino acid sequences
folding · conformation · domains · motifs · crystallography · binding site · active site · macromolecules · glycoproteins · lipoproteins
enzymes
Reaction-speeding proteins
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- metabolismCellular nutrient conversion
- anabolismMetabolic construction of molecules
catabolism · ATP · cofactors · coenzymes · substrate · kinetics · pathway · glycolysis · oxidation · phosphorylation
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- RNAGene expression molecule
- genesUnits of heredity
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
nucleotides · sequencing · transcription · translation · mutation · genotype · phenotype · alleles · heredity · genomics
membrane
Thin tissue sheet
- cytoplasmGel surrounding the nucleus
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
nucleus · organelle · lysosome · endoplasmic reticulum · cytoskeleton · vesicle · peroxisome · vacuole · chloroplast · receptor
assay
Compositional evaluation procedure
- spectroscopyStudy of light-matter interaction
- chromatographyTechnique separating mixtures by differential migration
- electrophoresisField-driven particle separation
mass spectrometry · PCR · blotting · centrifugation · purification · extraction · quantification · detection · fluorescence · labeling
biomolecularinorganic
Not from living matter
abiotic · non-biological · nonbiological · mineralogical · geochemical
biomolecularorganismal
Of living beings
ecological · macroscopic · anatomical · systemic · organismic
biomolecularsynthetic
Produced artificially, not natural
artificial · man-made · petrochemical · engineered · industrial