quarks
Protons contain them
Quarks are the elementary particles that combine to form protons, neutrons, and other hadrons.
They come in six types—up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom—and carry fractional electric charges.
Quarks are never found in isolation; they're always bound together by the strong force.
The name comes from a nonsense word in James Joyce's *Finnegans Wake*.
Out of bed
- downToward lower ground
- charmAttractive personal quality
- strangeUnusual or unfamiliar
- topUppermost part or surface
bottom · antiquark · generations · mass · electric charge
Rapid rotation around axis
- colorVisual hue property
- flavorCharacteristic taste quality
- massQuantity of matter
- chargeCost or accusation
strangeness · parity · handedness · chirality
Strong force exchange particles
- confinementState of being restricted
- color confinementQuarks cannot exist alone
- fragmentationBreaking into smaller pieces
- nuclear forceBinds subatomic particles
Linear particle accelerator facility
- particle acceleratorDevice speeding subatomic bits
- colliderDual-beam particle accelerator
- detectorDevice that senses
up
Out of bed
top · bottom · antiquark · generations · mass · electric charge
spin
Rapid rotation around axis
charge · strangeness · parity · handedness · chirality
gluons
Strong force exchange particles
- confinementState of being restricted
- color confinementQuarks cannot exist alone
- fragmentationBreaking into smaller pieces
SLAC
Linear particle accelerator facility
- particle acceleratorDevice speeding subatomic bits
- colliderDual-beam particle accelerator
- detectorDevice that senses
fermions
Half-spin matter constituents
- mattermatter, atoms, molecules, atom, molecule
- physicsphysics, momentum, atom, acceleration, gravity
- discoveriesbreakthrough, scientific discovery, finding, uncovering, detection
- high energygamma rays, cosmic rays, particle accelerator, synchrotron, neutrinos
- Invisiblesair, atoms, electrons, gravity, magnetism
- cosmic matterstars, galaxies, dark matter, planets, cosmic dust