nerve cell
Synapse signal sender
A nerve cell is a neuron—a specialized cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals through the nervous system.
Nerve cells have distinctive structures: a cell body, branching dendrites that receive signals, and a long axon that sends them.
The brain contains roughly 86 billion nerve cells.
Alcohol kills nerve cells.
Neuron's signal-sending projection
- dendriteNeuron's input branch
- somaBodily cells, excluding gametes
- synapseNerve signal crossing point
- myelinNerve fiber insulation
neurite · terminal · node of Ranvier · membrane · cytoskeleton · vesicle · receptor · presynaptic
Neuron's rapid electrical discharge
- impulseSudden urge to act
- firingTerminating employment
- depolarizationLoss of electrical gradient
- repolarizationMembrane voltage reset
excitation · inhibition · propagation · sodium · potassium · calcium · threshold · refractory period
Signal-receiving molecule
- olfactoryOf the sense detecting odors
- gustatoryOf the sense of taste
- auditoryOf or relating to hearing
- visualOf or concerning sight
somatosensory · retina · tactile · pain · temperature · touch · smell · taste
Non-neuronal brain cells
- astrocyteStar-shaped neural support cell
- microgliaCNS immune cells
- neurogenesisNew nerve cell formation
- neurobiologyStudy of nervous system
neuralgia · neuroblast · apoptosis · differentiation · migration · pruning · myelination · degeneration
Organ's external tissue
- hippocampusMemory formation region
- amygdalaEmotion-processing brain cluster
- cerebellumMovement coordination organ
- brainstemLower neural trunk
grey matter · white matter · neocortex · frontal lobe · temporal lobe · parietal lobe · occipital lobe · thalamus
Nerve cell connecting others
- photoreceptorCell responding to light
- mechanoreceptorSensory cell for pressure
- thermoreceptorNeuron sensing temperature changes
- chemoreceptorSensory unit detecting chemicals
axon
Neuron's signal-sending projection
myelin · neurite · terminal · node of Ranvier · membrane · cytoskeleton · vesicle · receptor · presynaptic · bouton
action potential
Neuron's rapid electrical discharge
- impulseSudden urge to act
- firingTerminating employment
- depolarizationLoss of electrical gradient
repolarization · excitation · inhibition · propagation · sodium · potassium · calcium · threshold · refractory period · gates
receptor
Signal-receiving molecule
- olfactoryOf the sense detecting odors
- gustatoryOf the sense of taste
- auditoryOf or relating to hearing
visual · somatosensory · retina · tactile · pain · temperature · touch · smell · taste · hearing
glia
Non-neuronal brain cells
- astrocyteStar-shaped neural support cell
- microgliaCNS immune cells
- neurogenesisNew nerve cell formation
neurobiology · neuralgia · neuroblast · apoptosis · differentiation · migration · pruning · myelination · degeneration · regeneration
cortex
Organ's external tissue
- hippocampusMemory formation region
- amygdalaEmotion-processing brain cluster
- cerebellumMovement coordination organ
brainstem · grey matter · white matter · neocortex · frontal lobe · temporal lobe · parietal lobe · occipital lobe · thalamus · hypothalamus
interneuron
Nerve cell connecting others
- photoreceptorCell responding to light
- mechanoreceptorSensory cell for pressure
- thermoreceptorNeuron sensing temperature changes
- cellscells, blood cells, brain cells, mitosis, skin cells
- nerve cellsaxon, dendrite, glia, soma, astrocyte
- neurologybrain, synapse, synapses, axon, CNS
- neuroscienceMRI, brain, synapses, dendrite, neurotransmitters
- cnidocytespenetrant
- braincerebrum, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus
nerve cellmuscle fiber
Contractile cell in tissue
fat cell · blood cell · osteocyte · glia · red blood cell
cell, nerve, neural, neuron, neurology, neurological, neuroscience, neurons, neurologist