pyruvate
Three-carbon metabolic molecule
Pyruvate is a molecule central to cellular metabolism—the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is broken down for energy.
From pyruvate, cells can generate ATP through aerobic respiration or, when oxygen is scarce, convert it to lactate.
Blood pyruvate levels and pyruvate dehydrogenase appear in biochemistry and medical contexts.
Produce milk naturally
- ethanolDrinkable volatile spirit
- lactic acidAnaerobic metabolism byproduct
- anaerobicNot requiring oxygen
- yeastFermenting fungus
bacteria · brewing · wine · beer · sourdough · kimchi · acetaldehyde · carbon dioxide
Amino group biochemical exchange
- alanineBasic amino acid
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- biosynthesisLiving production of molecules
- bioenergeticsStudy of biological energy
cellular respiration · ATP · mitochondrion · enzymatic · intermediate · metabolite
Carboxyl group elimination
- acetyl-CoAActivated two-carbon metabolic intermediate
- thiamineVitamin B1
- NADHElectron-carrying coenzyme
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
carbon dioxide · E3 · irreversible · aerobic
Glycolysis's penultimate metabolite
- biotinB7, a metabolic cofactor
- ATPCell's energy molecule
- GTPGuanine nucleotide triphosphate
- liverAbdominal detoxifying organ
kidney · fasting · Cori cycle · blood glucose · starvation
Primary cellular fuel
- anaerobic respirationOxygen-free energy extraction
- cytosolCell's internal aqueous solution
- phosphoenolpyruvateGlycolysis's penultimate metabolite
Activated two-carbon metabolic intermediate
- citrateSalt of citrus acid
- succinyl-CoAThioester in cellular respiration
- malateMalic acid salt
- NADHElectron-carrying coenzyme
lactate
Produce milk naturally
- ethanolDrinkable volatile spirit
- lactic acidAnaerobic metabolism byproduct
- anaerobicNot requiring oxygen
yeast · bacteria · brewing · wine · beer · sourdough · kimchi · acetaldehyde · carbon dioxide · muscle fatigue
transamination
Amino group biochemical exchange
- alanineBasic amino acid
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- biosynthesisLiving production of molecules
bioenergetics · cellular respiration · ATP · mitochondrion · enzymatic · intermediate · metabolite
decarboxylation
Carboxyl group elimination
- acetyl-CoAActivated two-carbon metabolic intermediate
- thiamineVitamin B1
- NADHElectron-carrying coenzyme
mitochondria · carbon dioxide · E3 · irreversible · aerobic
phosphoenolpyruvate
Glycolysis's penultimate metabolite
liver · kidney · fasting · Cori cycle · blood glucose · starvation
glucose
Primary cellular fuel
- anaerobic respirationOxygen-free energy extraction
- cytosolCell's internal aqueous solution
- phosphoenolpyruvateGlycolysis's penultimate metabolite
acetyl-CoA
Activated two-carbon metabolic intermediate
- citrateSalt of citrus acid
- succinyl-CoAThioester in cellular respiration
- malateMalic acid salt
NADH · carbon dioxide · mitochondrial matrix · aerobic respiration
- Metabolic Intermediatesshikimic acid, phosphoenolpyruvate, homocysteine, citrulline, alpha-ketoglutarate
- Biochemicalsamino acid, amino acids, protein, proteins, DNA
- metabolismcatabolism, anabolism, metabolism, glycolysis, metabolic rate
- biochemistryenzymes, proteins, biochemistry, protein, enzyme
- Glycolysisglucose, ATP, ADP, NADH, phosphoenolpyruvate
- metaboliteslactate, glucose, citrate, acetyl-CoA, alpha-ketoglutarate