biosynthesis
Life's molecular assembly
Biosynthesis is the production of complex molecules within living organisms through chemical reactions.
Cells perform biosynthesis to build proteins, fats, nucleic acids, and other substances essential for life.
The term appears in biology and biochemistry: the biosynthesis of cholesterol, disrupting viral biosynthesis.
The adjective is biosynthetic.
Reaction-speeding proteins
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- synthaseBond-forming enzyme
- ligaseBond-creating enzyme
polymerase · kinase · dehydrogenase · cofactor · coenzyme · active site · biocatalyst · precursor
Amino acid polymers
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- lipidsWater-insoluble biomolecules
- carbohydratesSugar-based energy compounds
- nucleotidesDNA and RNA subunits
phospholipids · polypeptides · macromolecules · biomolecules · organic molecules · steroids · fatty acids · glycoproteins
Metabolic construction of molecules
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- mevalonate pathwayMetabolic route producing isoprenoids
- shikimate pathwaySeven-step aromatic amino acid synthesis
- photosynthesisLight-to-sugar conversion in plants
Hereditary code molecule
- RNAGene expression molecule
- mRNAGene's working copy
- genesUnits of heredity
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
translation · replication · genetic code · gene expression · operon · promoter · codon · transfer RNA
Naturally produced macromolecule
- bioplasticPlant-derived synthetic material
- biodegradabilityAbility to naturally decompose
- biocompatibilityHarmlessness to living systems
- silk productionManufacturing fiber from cocoons
Cellular nutrient conversion
- ribosomesCellular translation machinery
- cytoplasmGel surrounding the nucleus
- organellesSpecialized cell subunits
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
chloroplasts · endoplasmic reticulum · membrane · cytoskeleton · vesicles · compartmentalization
Cell's energy molecule
- metabolismCellular nutrient conversion
- glucosePrimary cellular fuel
- phosphorylationPhosphate group attachment process
- bioenergeticsStudy of biological energy
Fuel from organic sources
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
- bioremediationLiving organisms detoxify pollutants
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
- biomanufacturingProduction using biological systems
enzymes
Reaction-speeding proteins
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- synthaseBond-forming enzyme
ligase · polymerase · kinase · dehydrogenase · cofactor · coenzyme · active site · biocatalyst · precursor
proteins
Amino acid polymers
- amino acidsOrganic compounds forming proteins
- lipidsWater-insoluble biomolecules
- carbohydratesSugar-based energy compounds
nucleotides · phospholipids · polypeptides · macromolecules · biomolecules · organic molecules · steroids · fatty acids · glycoproteins · alkaloids
anabolism
Metabolic construction of molecules
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- mevalonate pathwayMetabolic route producing isoprenoids
- shikimate pathwaySeven-step aromatic amino acid synthesis
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
transcription · translation · replication · genetic code · gene expression · operon · promoter · codon · transfer RNA
biopolymer
Naturally produced macromolecule
- bioplasticPlant-derived synthetic material
- biodegradabilityAbility to naturally decompose
- biocompatibilityHarmlessness to living systems
metabolism
Cellular nutrient conversion
- ribosomesCellular translation machinery
- cytoplasmGel surrounding the nucleus
- organellesSpecialized cell subunits
mitochondria · chloroplasts · endoplasmic reticulum · membrane · cytoskeleton · vesicles · compartmentalization
ATP
Cell's energy molecule
- metabolismCellular nutrient conversion
- glucosePrimary cellular fuel
- phosphorylationPhosphate group attachment process
biofuel
Fuel from organic sources
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
- bioremediationLiving organisms detoxify pollutants
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
- bio-biography, biodegradable, biofuel, biochemistry, biotech
- chemical reactionscondensation, combustion, oxidation, hydrolysis, oxidation-reduction
- metabolismcatabolism, anabolism, metabolism, glycolysis, metabolic rate
- synthesissyntheses, combination, combining, blending, fusion
- biochemistryenzymes, proteins, biochemistry, protein, enzyme
- biotechnologygenetic engineering, gene editing, gene splicing, DNA analysis, gene therapy
biosynthesisbiodegradation
Microbial breakdown of organics
catabolism · decomposition · degradation · breakdown · lysis
biology, synthetic, synthesis, biological, synthesize, biologist, synthesizer, biosphere, synthesized