apartheid
Institutionalized ethnic division
Apartheid was the system of racial segregation enforced in South Africa from 1948 to 1991, under which the white minority government denied political rights and restricted movement, residence, and economic opportunity for Black South Africans and other non-white groups.
The word is Afrikaans for "separateness." Extended to describe any system of rigid racial or ethnic separation: gender apartheid, economic apartheid.
- Robben IslandSouth African prison colony
- SowetoTownship near Johannesburg
- SharpevilleApartheid-era massacre location
- AfrikanerDutch-heritage South African
Desmond Tutu · Steve Biko · Cape Town · Johannesburg · Pretoria · Zulu · Boer · Transvaal
Grouping by ancestry or ethnicity
- color barCalibration reference graphic
- homelandsCountries of origin
- pass lawsFormally adopt binding rules
- whites onlyRacial exclusion policy
non-white · township · location · buffer zone · resettlement · forced removals · curfew · permit system
Unjust differential treatment
- subjugationForcing into submission
- repressionUnconscious blocking of thoughts
- persecutionSystematic mistreatment of groups
- inequalityUnequal distribution of resources
injustice · brutality · exploitation · dehumanization · dispossession · detention · torture · censorship
Organized economic protest
- sanctionsPunitive international restrictions
- disinvestmentWithdrawing capital from assets
- embargoOfficial prohibition on trade
- protestPublic expression of disapproval
uprising · defiance · liberation · struggle · activism · underground · sabotage · armed resistance
Restoration of friendly relations
- reparationsCompensation for historical wrongs
- land reformRedistributing agricultural holdings
- inequalityUnequal distribution of resources
- traumaLasting psychological wound
memory · memorialization · restitution · healing · rainbow nation · transformation · redress · generational trauma
Nelson Mandela
- Robben IslandSouth African prison colony
- SowetoTownship near Johannesburg
- SharpevilleApartheid-era massacre location
Desmond Tutu · Steve Biko · Afrikaner · Cape Town · Johannesburg · Pretoria · Zulu · Boer · Transvaal · Group Areas Act
racial classification
Grouping by ancestry or ethnicity
- color barCalibration reference graphic
- homelandsCountries of origin
- pass lawsFormally adopt binding rules
whites only · non-white · township · location · buffer zone · resettlement · forced removals · curfew · permit system
discrimination
Unjust differential treatment
- subjugationForcing into submission
- repressionUnconscious blocking of thoughts
- persecutionSystematic mistreatment of groups
inequality · injustice · brutality · exploitation · dehumanization · dispossession · detention · torture · censorship · police brutality
boycott
Organized economic protest
- sanctionsPunitive international restrictions
- disinvestmentWithdrawing capital from assets
- embargoOfficial prohibition on trade
protest · uprising · defiance · liberation · struggle · activism · underground · sabotage · armed resistance · civil disobedience
reconciliation
Restoration of friendly relations
- reparationsCompensation for historical wrongs
- land reformRedistributing agricultural holdings
- inequalityUnequal distribution of resources
trauma · memory · memorialization · restitution · healing · rainbow nation · transformation · redress · generational trauma · economic disparity
- Apartheidpass laws, Group Areas Act, passbook, passbooks, white minority rule
- civil rightsequal protection, equal rights, Civil Rights Act, right to life, Voting Rights Act
- South African HistoryNelson Mandela, Mandela, Soweto, Sharpeville, Soweto uprising
- AfrikanersAfrikaner, Afrikaners, Afrikaans, Boer, Boers
- ethnic politicsethnic nationalism, ethnic conflict, ethnic identity, ethnic tension, ethnic cleansing
- AfricaEgypt, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania
apartheidintegration
Combining into a whole
desegregation · racial equality · multiculturalism · inclusivity · equal rights
apartheidegalitarianism
Philosophy of universal equality
democracy · liberalism · pluralism · humanism · ubuntu
apartheidopen-mindedness
Acceptance of differing viewpoints
tolerance · acceptance · brotherhood · solidarity · colorblindness
- apartheid regimeRacially segregated political system
- anti-apartheid activistsOpponents of racial segregation policy
- apartheid eraInstitutionalized racial separation period
- anti-apartheid movementStruggle against institutionalized racial segregation
- apartheid lawsInstitutionalized racial discrimination statutes
- Apartheid South AfricaLegally segregated African nation