apartheid era
South African segregation
The apartheid era refers to the period of institutionalized racial segregation in South Africa from 1948 to the early 1990s.
Under apartheid, the white minority government enforced strict separation of races and denied basic rights to Black, Coloured, and Indian citizens.
The phrase now serves as a historical marker: apartheid-era laws, memories of the apartheid era.
It sometimes appears in comparisons to other systems of racial oppression.
- Freedom CharterEquality manifesto from Kliptown
- pass lawsFormally adopt binding rules
- whites onlyRacial exclusion policy
- forced removalsInvoluntary displacement of people
- ballotVoting document
Nelson Mandela · Steve Biko · protest · vote · Robben Island · Group Areas Act · township · state of emergency · labor exploitation · sanctions · family separation · racial hierarchy · homelands · segregation · racial inequality · displacement · Desmond Tutu · racial
- Indian DiasporaGujaratis, Punjabis, Sikhs, expatriates, expats
- South African HistoryNelson Mandela, Mandela, Soweto, Sharpeville, Soweto uprising
- Nguni PeoplesZulu, Xhosa, Swazi, click consonants, Zululand
- Catholic ChurchVatican, papacy, cardinals, popes, papal
- erasera, epoch, age, bronze age, period
- Southern AfricaZulu, Kruger National Park, Angola, Shona, Zambia
apartheid eraconstitutional democracy
Rule by people, bounded by law
majority rule · universal suffrage · liberation · colonial era
apartheid eraintegration
Combining into a whole
racial equality · desegregation · reconciliation · racial harmony · inclusive society