Mandela

Robben Island

South African prison colony

• prisonerConfined criminal detainee
• cellBasic unit of life
• incarcerationConfinement in jail

captivity · political prisoner · hard labor · limestone quarry · letters · isolation · sentence · release · amnesty · confinement

apartheid

Racial separation policy

• resistanceCapacity to withstand force
• freedomAbsence of constraint
• liberationRelease from constraint

struggle · protest · defiance · boycott · sanctions · divestment · civil rights · justice · equality · oppression

president

Elected leader of nation

• statesmanRespected political leader
• negotiationDiscussion seeking mutual accord
• transitionChange from one state

inauguration · democracy · election · governance · unity · nation-building · constitution · diplomacy · reconciliation · parliament

forgiveness

Releasing resentment toward offenders

• ubuntuShared humanity ethic
• healingRestoration of health
• peaceFreedom from disturbance

unity · rainbow nation · Desmond Tutu · amnesty · dialogue · bridge-building · handshake · compromise · coexistence · transformation

Johannesburg

South Africa's economic hub

• SowetoTownship near Johannesburg
• XhosaBantu language with clicks
• Cape TownSouth African legislative capital

Pretoria · township · homeland · African · Afrikaners · colonial · segregation · majority rule · voting · ballot

icon

Pictorial screen symbol

• legendUnverified traditional tale
• heroOne admired for courage
• inspirationSource of creative impulse

Nobel Prize · statue · legacy · memorial · foundation · holiday · freedom fighter · elder · global citizen · moral authority

• 20th Century IconsEinstein, Churchill, Gandhi, Hitler, FDR
• LiberatorsSimon Bolivar, Bolivar, George Washington, Washington, Garibaldi
• African Independenceindependence movement, national liberation, freedom fighters, anti-colonial, armed struggle
• Anti-ColonialistsHo Chi Minh, Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi, Simon Bolivar, Bolivar
• decolonizationanticolonialism, independence movement, independence movements, freedom fighter, anti-colonialism
• Independence LeadersNehru, Ho Chi Minh, Sukarno, Gandhi, Nasser