Southern Ocean
Antarctica's surrounding sea
The Southern Ocean is the body of water surrounding Antarctica, where the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans meet the cold Antarctic waters.
It is the newest officially recognized ocean, designated by the International Hydrographic Organization in 2000, though geographers had long treated it as distinct.
Its boundaries are defined by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current rather than continental coastlines.
Southernmost continental landmass
- penguinsFlightless aquatic seabirds
- sealsAquatic whiskered mammals
- krillSmall marine crustaceans
- albatrossLong-winged oceanic bird
research stations · polar climate · glaciology · ozone hole · aurora australis · biogeography · petrels · ice fish
Around the pole
- upwellingDeep water rising surfaceward
- gyreCircular or spiral motion
- eddiesCounter-flowing circular currents
- convergenceProcess of approaching sameness
divergence · Coriolis effect · water column · salinity · drift · flow · mixing
Massive marine mammals
- blue whaleLargest mammal on Earth
- humpbackBaleen whale species
- orcaLarge predatory dolphin
- minke whaleSmall baleen cetacean
fin whale · krill · baleen · cetacean · migration · breaching · pod · seabirds
Floating masses of ice
- glaciersSlow-moving ice masses
- ice shelfFloating glacial extension
- pack iceConsolidated floating sea ice
- sea iceFrozen ocean surface
calving · growlers · ice floe · blue ice · Ross Ice Shelf · meltwater · freshwater · ice breakup
Polar expedition commander
- EnduranceCapacity to persist
- ScottName of Scottish origin
- expeditionOrganized exploratory journey
- Terra NovaLatin for new land
Amundsen · discovery · research vessels · icebreakers · mapping · submersibles · sonar · seafloor
Extremely cold
- frigidExtremely and intensely cold
- subzeroBelow the freezing point
- glacialOf frozen rivers
- polarOf extreme latitudes
icy · frozen · hypothermia · frostbite · windchill · bitter · wintry · exposure
Traveling energy disturbances
- swellsEnlarges or billows
- stormsViolent atmospheric disturbances
- roaring fortiesTempestuous latitude band
- navigationDetermining position and course
shipping lanes · Cape Horn · remote · treacherous · seafaring · maritime law · rescue operations · satellite tracking
Antarctica
Southernmost continental landmass
albatross · research stations · polar climate · glaciology · ozone hole · aurora australis · biogeography · petrels · ice fish · leopard seal
circumpolar
Around the pole
- upwellingDeep water rising surfaceward
- gyreCircular or spiral motion
- eddiesCounter-flowing circular currents
convergence · divergence · Coriolis effect · water column · salinity · drift · flow · mixing
whales
Massive marine mammals
- blue whaleLargest mammal on Earth
- humpbackBaleen whale species
- orcaLarge predatory dolphin
minke whale · fin whale · krill · baleen · cetacean · migration · breaching · pod · seabirds · plankton
icebergs
Floating masses of ice
- glaciersSlow-moving ice masses
- ice shelfFloating glacial extension
- pack iceConsolidated floating sea ice
sea ice · calving · growlers · ice floe · blue ice · Ross Ice Shelf · meltwater · freshwater · ice breakup
Shackleton
Polar expedition commander
- EnduranceCapacity to persist
- ScottName of Scottish origin
- expeditionOrganized exploratory journey
Amundsen · Terra Nova · discovery · research vessels · icebreakers · mapping · submersibles · sonar · seafloor · hydrothermal vents
freezing
Extremely cold
polar · icy · frozen · hypothermia · frostbite · windchill · bitter · wintry · exposure · survival suits
waves
Traveling energy disturbances
- swellsEnlarges or billows
- stormsViolent atmospheric disturbances
- roaring fortiesTempestuous latitude band
navigation · shipping lanes · Cape Horn · remote · treacherous · seafaring · maritime law · rescue operations · satellite tracking · weather systems
- AntarcticaAmundsen, Scott, penguins, ice sheet, glaciology
- polar navigationicebreakers, ice floes, pack ice, sea ice, polar waters
- Subantarcticking penguin, fur seal, elephant seal, albatross, petrel
- Blue Planetsea, water, Pacific, Atlantic, coral reef
- maritimeships, ship, boat, boats, anchors
- oceanwaves, Atlantic, sea, Pacific, tide
Southern OceanCaribbean Sea
Tropical Atlantic basin
Coral Sea · Arabian Sea · Gulf of Mexico · Red Sea · Mediterranean Sea
Southern OceanCaspian Sea
Earth's biggest lake
inland sea · inland seas · Dead Sea · Lake Baikal · Great Lakes
ocean, oceans, southern, oceanic, Southern, southward, southerly, southwards, southernmost