pack ice
Crushed polar floes
Pack ice is a mass of floating sea ice driven together by wind and currents into a continuous field.
Unlike icebergs, which calve from glaciers, pack ice forms when seawater freezes and accumulates.
Ships navigating polar waters must contend with pack ice, which can trap vessels for months: The expedition waited for the pack ice to break up before continuing north.
Become solid from cold
- floeDrifting sea ice
- calvingIce mass separation
- crystallineClear, ordered, brilliant
- solidificationTransition to firm state
rafting · ridging · pressure ridge · congelation · consolidation · accretion · thickening · compaction
Of extreme latitudes
- tundraFrigid treeless biome
- floeDrifting sea ice
- glacierSlow-moving ice mass
- permafrostPerpetually frozen earth layer
Svalbard · aurora borealis · midnight sun · igloo · Inuit · blubber · North Pole · Antarctic
Drifting sea ice
- currentDirected flow of charge
- navigationDetermining position and course
- icebreakerTension-easing social activity
- shippingTransporting goods to destinations
maritime · oceanography · tracking · satellite · sonar · GPS · charts · lead
Large white arctic mammal
- sealAuthentication stamp or mark
- walrusTusked Arctic marine mammal
- narwhalSpiral-tusked Arctic whale
- belugaWhite Arctic cetacean
arctic fox · penguin · krill · plankton · arctic tern · leopard seal · harp seal · orca
freeze
Become solid from cold
- floeDrifting sea ice
- calvingIce mass separation
- crystallineClear, ordered, brilliant
solidification · rafting · ridging · pressure ridge · congelation · consolidation · accretion · thickening · compaction · lead
polar
Of extreme latitudes
permafrost · Svalbard · aurora borealis · midnight sun · igloo · Inuit · blubber · North Pole · Antarctic · Bering Strait
floe
Drifting sea ice
- currentDirected flow of charge
- navigationDetermining position and course
- icebreakerTension-easing social activity
shipping · maritime · oceanography · tracking · satellite · sonar · GPS · charts · lead · vessel
polar bear
Large white arctic mammal
beluga · arctic fox · penguin · krill · plankton · arctic tern · leopard seal · harp seal · orca · seabird
Shackleton
Polar expedition commander
- ScottName of Scottish origin
- EnduranceCapacity to persist
- Terra NovaLatin for new land
Amundsen · dogsled · sledge · exploration · voyage · trek · survival · basecamp · rations · frostbite
- AntarcticaSouth Pole, Amundsen, Scott, penguins, glaciology
- polar researchSouth Pole, North Pole, glaciology, climate data, polar expeditions
- AlaskaFairbanks, Juneau, Denali, Sitka, Kodiak
- ArcticArctic Circle, Arctic Ocean, Arctic wildlife, Arctic exploration, Arctic research
- ice and snowglacier, hail, sleet, snowflake, frost
- polar regionsAntarctica, polar bears, Arctic Ocean, glaciers, Arctic