DNA sequence
Nucleotide letter string
A DNA sequence is the precise order of nucleotide bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—along a strand of DNA.
This sequence encodes genetic information, determining everything from eye color to disease susceptibility.
Scientists sequence DNA to study heredity, diagnose conditions, and identify individuals: The DNA sequence matched the suspect.
Hereditary information unit
- chromosomeDNA strand carrying genes
- alleleGene variant at one locus
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
- phenotypeObservable characteristics of organism
locus · exon · intron · promoter · mutation · polymorphism · haplotype · recombination
Two intertwined spirals
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- thymineDNA nitrogen base
- cytosinePyrimidine nucleobase in genetics
guanine · phosphate · deoxyribose · antiparallel · Watson-Crick · complementary · hydrogen bond · codon
Act of duplicating precisely
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- translationConverting between languages
- polymeraseNucleic acid synthesis enzyme
- RNAGene expression molecule
mRNA · protein synthesis · gene expression · ribosome · amino acid · ligase · splicing
Permanent DNA alteration
- phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms
- common ancestorOrigin point of descendants
- divergenceSeparation from common origin
- homologyStructural similarity through descent
genetic drift · selection pressure · adaptation · variant · ancestral · derived · cladistics · evolutionary tree
DNA amplification technique
- primerPreparatory coat or guide
- next-generationNewer, improved iteration
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
- cloningMaking identical copies
amplification · bioinformatics · alignment · assembly · read · throughput · nanopore · chromatogram
Analysis for inherited disorders
- haplogroupGenetic ancestry classification
- maternal lineAncestry traced through mothers
- paternal lineAncestry through fathers
- migration patternRegular animal travel route
Unique genetic identification pattern
- profilingCharacterizing by patterns
- paternity testGenetic proof of parentage
- crime sceneLocation of an offense
- evidenceFacts supporting truth
gene
Hereditary information unit
- chromosomeDNA strand carrying genes
- alleleGene variant at one locus
- genotypeOrganism's complete allele set
phenotype · locus · exon · intron · promoter · mutation · polymorphism · haplotype · recombination · dominant
double helix
Two intertwined spirals
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
- adeninePurine nucleobase in DNA
- thymineDNA nitrogen base
cytosine · guanine · phosphate · deoxyribose · antiparallel · Watson-Crick · complementary · hydrogen bond · codon · triplet
replication
Act of duplicating precisely
- transcriptionWritten version of speech
- translationConverting between languages
- polymeraseNucleic acid synthesis enzyme
RNA · mRNA · protein synthesis · gene expression · ribosome · amino acid · ligase · splicing
mutation
Permanent DNA alteration
- phylogenyEvolutionary relationships among organisms
- common ancestorOrigin point of descendants
- divergenceSeparation from common origin
homology · genetic drift · selection pressure · adaptation · variant · ancestral · derived · cladistics · evolutionary tree
PCR
DNA amplification technique
- primerPreparatory coat or guide
- next-generationNewer, improved iteration
- CRISPRGene-editing molecular machinery
cloning · amplification · bioinformatics · alignment · assembly · read · throughput · nanopore · chromatogram · annotation
genetic testing
Analysis for inherited disorders
- haplogroupGenetic ancestry classification
- maternal lineAncestry traced through mothers
- paternal lineAncestry through fathers
DNA fingerprint
Unique genetic identification pattern
- profilingCharacterizing by patterns
- paternity testGenetic proof of parentage
- crime sceneLocation of an offense
evidence · match · identification · genetic marker · chain of custody
- geneticsDNA, allele, genotype, genes, gene
- research datadata set, raw data, findings, survey data, survey results
- Cloningclone, human cloning, gene cloning, reproductive cloning, animal cloning
- sequencesarithmetic, series, geometric, progressions, sequential
- biopatentsdrug patents
- phylogeneticscladogram, clade, phylogeny, phylogenetics, cladistics
DNA sequenceprotein
Folded amino chain
polypeptide · protein structure · phenotype · trait · enzyme
sequence, genetics, sequences, genome, sequenced, sequencing, genomic, sequencer, base pair