gene cloning
Copying genetic material
Gene cloning is the process of making identical copies of a specific gene or DNA sequence.
Scientists isolate the target gene, insert it into a carrier molecule like a bacterial plasmid, and let the host organism replicate it.
This produces enough genetic material for research, drug production, or genetic engineering: The insulin gene was cloned and expressed in bacteria.
- ligaseBond-creating enzyme
- transformationThorough change in form
- copy numberInstances of a gene
- recombinant DNALab-fused genetic sequences
- DNA replicationDuplicating genetic material
bacteriophages · plasmid · genetic engineering · vector · CRISPR-Cas9 · PCR · bioethics · synthetic biology · sequencing · mutagenesis · pipette · genome editing · petri dish · Dolly · vaccine development · laboratory · test tube · lab coat
gene cloningselective breeding
Controlled reproduction for traits
natural selection · crossbreeding · hybridization · artificial selection · domestication
gene cloningsexual reproduction
Two-parent genetic combination
genetic variation · outcrossing · random mutation · meiosis · mutation