cladogram
Evolutionary tree diagram
A cladogram is a branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships among species or other groups based on shared characteristics.
Unlike family trees that track direct ancestry, cladograms map which organisms share common ancestors without specifying who descended from whom: The cladogram grouped birds with dinosaurs based on skeletal features.
Standard in biology classrooms and research.
Evolutionary relationships among organisms
- systematicsScience of classifying organisms
- homologyStructural similarity through descent
- parsimonyExcessive frugality with resources
- outgroupNon-members of one's group
ingroup · character · matrix · bootstrap · jackknife · consensus · rooted · unrooted
Division into two branches
- divergenceSeparation from common origin
- nodeConnection point in networks
- splitSeparation into parts
- radiationEnergy propagation through space
dichotomy · ramification · fork · branch · terminal · basal · crown · stem
Classification categories
- taxonClassificatory group of organisms
- speciesFinest taxonomic rank
- genusTaxonomic rank above species
- familyRelated people together
order · class · phylum · kingdom · domain · binomial · nomenclature · rank
Formation of distinct species
- divergenceSeparation from common origin
- common ancestorOrigin point of descendants
- descentDownward slope or lineage
- lineageDescent from progenitors
evolutionary · adaptation · extinction · diversification · origin · emergence · radiation · selection
phylogeny
Evolutionary relationships among organisms
- systematicsScience of classifying organisms
- homologyStructural similarity through descent
- parsimonyExcessive frugality with resources
outgroup · ingroup · character · matrix · bootstrap · jackknife · consensus · rooted · unrooted · molecular
bifurcation
Division into two branches
- divergenceSeparation from common origin
- nodeConnection point in networks
- splitSeparation into parts
radiation · dichotomy · ramification · fork · branch · terminal · basal · crown · stem · sister
taxa
Classification categories
family · order · class · phylum · kingdom · domain · binomial · nomenclature · rank · classification
speciation
Formation of distinct species
- divergenceSeparation from common origin
- common ancestorOrigin point of descendants
- descentDownward slope or lineage
lineage · evolutionary · adaptation · extinction · diversification · origin · emergence · radiation · selection · mutation
dendrogram
Branching hierarchy diagram
treemap · graph · branches · nodes · leaves · topology · software · rectangular · circular · radial
- classificationsclassified, hierarchical, class, unclassified, categorical
- diagramsflowchart, cross section, cross-section, schematic, concept map
- classification systemstaxonomy, species, dichotomous key, phylum, genus
- phylogeneticsphylogeny, phylogenetics, cladistics, tree of life, common ancestor
- classificationcategory, classification, group, cataloging, grouping
- reference worksencyclopedia, encyclopedias, handbook, dictionaries, reference book
cladogramfamily portrait
Image capturing related individuals
alphabetical list · linear progression · pedigree chart · network diagram