rubbings
Friction-made copies
Rubbings are impressions made by placing paper over a textured surface and rubbing with pencil, charcoal, or crayon.
The technique captures raised details from gravestones, coins, brass plaques, or carved reliefs: She made rubbings of the old cemetery headstones.
Rubbings is also the plural of any instance of rubbing—the act of applying pressure while moving back and forth.
Texture impression method
- tracingCopying by following lines
- etchingAcid-incised metal print
- pencilGraphite writing instrument
- charcoalBurned wood residue
graphite · wax · crayon · paper · layering · transfer · shading · burnishing
Memorial stone at grave
- monumentStructure honoring someone remembered
- inscriptionText permanently marked
- memorialThing preserving remembrance
- plaqueInscribed memorial tablet
effigy · knight · church · cathedral · heraldry · epitaph · medieval · engraving
Cereal plant's harvest unit
- surfaceOutermost boundary layer
- reliefEasing of distress
- raisedLifted higher up
- incisedCut into surface
impression · contour · pattern · embossed · indentation · detail · tactile · dimensional
Burial site marker
- cemeteryPlace for interring remains
- headstoneMemorial slab marking burial
- ancestryFamily line of descent
- genealogyStudy of family descent
heritage · ancestors · family history · records · crypt · mausoleum · churchyard · burial
Study of ancient inscriptions
- deciphermentInterpreting unknown scripts
- palimpsestReused writing surface, traces remain
- petroglyphCarved image on stone
- hieroglyphAncient Egyptian picture-writing symbol
stele · tablet · cuneiform · rune · artifact · documentation · preservation · conservation
Irritation from friction
- abrasionShallow surface wound
- wearCarry on person
- scrapingRubbing away material
- grindingMolar action sometimes
irritation · soreness · blistering · rawness · redness · skin · heat · resistance
frottage
Texture impression method
charcoal · graphite · wax · crayon · paper · layering · transfer · shading · burnishing · pressing
tombstone
Memorial stone at grave
- monumentStructure honoring someone remembered
- inscriptionText permanently marked
- memorialThing preserving remembrance
plaque · effigy · knight · church · cathedral · heraldry · epitaph · medieval · engraving · relief
grain
Cereal plant's harvest unit
incised · impression · contour · pattern · embossed · indentation · detail · tactile · dimensional
gravestone
Burial site marker
- cemeteryPlace for interring remains
- headstoneMemorial slab marking burial
- ancestryFamily line of descent
genealogy · heritage · ancestors · family history · records · crypt · mausoleum · churchyard · burial · memorial
epigraphy
Study of ancient inscriptions
- deciphermentInterpreting unknown scripts
- palimpsestReused writing surface, traces remain
- petroglyphCarved image on stone
hieroglyph · stele · tablet · cuneiform · rune · artifact · documentation · preservation · conservation · recording
chafing
Irritation from friction
grinding · irritation · soreness · blistering · rawness · redness · skin · heat · resistance · repetition
- Chinese textshistorical documents, historical archives, official documents, historical texts, oracle bone script
- kids craftsfinger paint, finger painting, crayons, coloring, construction paper
- animal trackingtracks, footprints, hoofprints, spoor, droppings
- tracingsoutlines, carbon copies
- epigraphyinscriptions, transcription, decipherment, stone inscriptions, squeezes
- doublesdouble, doubles, twin, twins, duplicate
rubbingsphotographs
Light-captured images
digital scans · photocopies · photographic prints · X-rays · digital images
rubbingsoriginal compositions
Freshly created musical works
paintings · digital art · sculptures · carvings · engravings
- rubbing alcoholAntiseptic cleaning solution
- rubbing it inEmphasizing another's failure repeatedly
- rubbing offGradually affecting another
- rubbing off onGradually affecting another's behavior
- rubbing inEmphasizing another's misfortune
- rubbing salt in the woundIntensifying existing pain