peptide
Short molecular chain
A peptide is a short chain of amino acids linked by chemical bonds.
Proteins are built from peptides, but the term usually refers to shorter sequences—typically fewer than fifty amino acids.
Peptides appear throughout biology as hormones, neurotransmitters, and signaling molecules: insulin is a peptide hormone, antimicrobial peptides help fight infection.
Organic compounds forming proteins
- protein synthesisAssembling amino acid chains
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
- translationConverting between languages
- enzymeProtein that hastens reactions
substrate · metabolism · biomolecule · bioactive · macromolecule · hydrolysis · peptidase · N-terminus
Pancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
- glucagonPancreatic blood-sugar raiser
- oxytocinBonding neurotransmitter from hypothalamus
- ghrelinAppetite-stimulating stomach peptide
- leptinFat-derived hunger regulator
vasopressin · endorphins · ACTH · gastrin · secretin · neuropeptide · substance P
Signal-receiving molecule
- transductionSignal or energy transformation
- neurotransmitterSynaptic chemical messenger
- pathwayDesignated route for travel
- cascadeSuccessive downward flow
phosphorylation · activation · inhibition · modulation · secretion · binding · affinity · ligand
Vertebral column, or courage
- conformationStructural form or arrangement
- foldingBending something over itself
- tertiaryOf third importance
- motifRecurring thematic element
domain · residue · loop · turn · denaturation · stability · crystallography · chaperone
Conveying medicine to tissues
- vaccineDisease prevention injection
- immunotherapyDisease treatment via body's defenses
- bioavailabilityFraction reaching active circulation
- half-lifePeriod for fifty-percent reduction
stability · formulation · clinical trial · pharmacokinetics · targeting · biologics · cosmeceutical · wound healing
Forming bonds between molecules
- resinViscous plant secretion
- ligationSurgical binding of vessels
- cyclizationClosing into rings
- purificationRemoval of contaminants
cleavage · yield · linker · conjugation
amino acids
Organic compounds forming proteins
- protein synthesisAssembling amino acid chains
- ribosomeProtein synthesis site
- translationConverting between languages
enzyme · substrate · metabolism · biomolecule · bioactive · macromolecule · hydrolysis · peptidase · N-terminus · C-terminus
insulin
Pancreatic glucose-regulating hormone
- glucagonPancreatic blood-sugar raiser
- oxytocinBonding neurotransmitter from hypothalamus
- ghrelinAppetite-stimulating stomach peptide
leptin · vasopressin · endorphins · ACTH · gastrin · secretin · neuropeptide · substance P
receptor
Signal-receiving molecule
- transductionSignal or energy transformation
- neurotransmitterSynaptic chemical messenger
- pathwayDesignated route for travel
cascade · phosphorylation · activation · inhibition · modulation · secretion · binding · affinity · ligand · agonist
backbone
Vertebral column, or courage
- conformationStructural form or arrangement
- foldingBending something over itself
- tertiaryOf third importance
motif · domain · residue · loop · turn · denaturation · stability · crystallography · chaperone · quaternary
drug delivery
Conveying medicine to tissues
- vaccineDisease prevention injection
- immunotherapyDisease treatment via body's defenses
- bioavailabilityFraction reaching active circulation
half-life · stability · formulation · clinical trial · pharmacokinetics · targeting · biologics · cosmeceutical · wound healing · injectable
coupling reaction
Forming bonds between molecules
- resinViscous plant secretion
- ligationSurgical binding of vessels
- cyclizationClosing into rings
purification · cleavage · yield · linker · conjugation
- BiotechDNA, bioengineering, genetic testing, gene, DNA sequencing
- proteinsprotein, albumin, collagen, casein, keratin
- beautymakeup, cosmetics, lipstick, mascara, eyeliner
- chemicalschemicals, compounds, acids, reagents, solutions
- Substancesmatter, elements, compounds, molecules, atoms
- Organic Matterblood, bone, tissue, cells, skin
peptideprotein
Folded amino chain
polypeptide · amino acid · macromolecule · enzyme · antibody
peptidenucleotide
Genetic code subunit
carbohydrate · lipid · nucleic acid · polysaccharide · DNA
- peptic ulcersErosions in digestive lining
- signal peptideProtein sorting tag
- peptide bondAmino acid connection
peptidyl transferase, peptic, polypeptide, peptides, peptide bond