monophosphate

One phosphate group

Monophosphate refers to a chemical group containing a single phosphate unit—one phosphorus atom bonded to oxygen atoms.

The term appears most often in biochemistry: adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a building block of RNA and a product of ATP breakdown.

Cyclic AMP acts as a cellular messenger.

Monophosphate distinguishes compounds with one phosphate from those with two (diphosphate) or three (triphosphate).

nucleotide

adenosine

Purine nucleoside in cells

thymidineThymine-containing DNA nucleoside
nucleosideBase-sugar molecular unit
purineTwo-fused-ring nitrogenous base

pyrimidine · adenine · guanine · cytosine · thymine · uracil · AMP · GMP · CMP · UMP

chemical

ester

Alkoxy-substituted acid derivative

hydrolysisWater-induced bond cleavage
esterificationForming esters chemically
organicFrom living matter

inorganic · bond · synthesis · degradation

signaling

cyclic

Repeating in sequence

kinasePhosphate-transferring enzyme
transductionSignal or energy transformation
receptorSignal-receiving molecule

hormone · regulation · cascade · activation

metabolic

ATP

Cell's energy molecule

energyPower to do work
glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
enzymeProtein that hastens reactions

kinase · phosphatase · substrate · intermediate · oxidation · respiration · mitochondria · phosphoenolpyruvate

Opposites

phosphate group number

monophosphatetriphosphate

Three linked phosphate groups

diphosphate · ATP · ADP · GTP

Family

phosphate, phosphorylation, triphosphate, organophosphate, diphosphate

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