pentose
Sugar in RNA
A pentose is a sugar molecule containing five carbon atoms.
Ribose and deoxyribose are the most biologically important pentoses, forming the backbone of RNA and DNA respectively.
The term appears primarily in biochemistry and molecular biology: pentose phosphate pathway, pentose sugars in nucleic acids.
Pentose from plant fiber
- monosaccharideSimplest carbohydrate form
- ketoseKetone-bearing simple sugar
- carbonylC=O functional group
- hydroxyl-OH functional group
stereoisomer · chirality · Fischer projection · Haworth projection
Gene expression molecule
- DNAHereditary code molecule
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
- nucleosideBase-sugar molecular unit
- backboneVertebral column, or courage
adenosine · thymidine · phosphate · base pairing · double helix · polymerase · replication · transcription
Pentose from plant fiber
- xylitolLow-calorie sugar replacement
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
- bioethanolFuel from fermented plants
- biomassLiving material in aggregate
Involving electron removal
- biosynthesisLiving production of molecules
- redoxElectron transfer chemistry
- anabolicBuilding complex molecules
- cytosolCell's internal aqueous solution
xylose
Pentose from plant fiber
- monosaccharideSimplest carbohydrate form
- ketoseKetone-bearing simple sugar
- carbonylC=O functional group
hydroxyl · stereoisomer · chirality · Fischer projection · Haworth projection
RNA
Gene expression molecule
- DNAHereditary code molecule
- nucleotideGenetic code subunit
- nucleosideBase-sugar molecular unit
backbone · adenosine · thymidine · phosphate · base pairing · double helix · polymerase · replication · transcription · ATP
xylose
Pentose from plant fiber
- xylitolLow-calorie sugar replacement
- fermentationMicrobial sugar conversion
- bioethanolFuel from fermented plants
biomass · sweetener · prebiotic · food additive · biofuel
oxidative
Involving electron removal
- biosynthesisLiving production of molecules
- redoxElectron transfer chemistry
- anabolicBuilding complex molecules