haplogroups
Ancestral DNA markers
Haplogroups are genetic population groups sharing a common ancestor, identified through DNA markers passed down either maternal (mitochondrial DNA) or paternal (Y-chromosome) lines.
Scientists use haplogroups to trace human migration patterns and deep ancestry: Her haplogroup traces back to East Africa.
Unlike ethnicity, haplogroups reflect ancient lineages spanning tens of thousands of years.
Hereditary code molecule
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- allelesVariant forms of genes
- genomesComplete hereditary information sets
- mutationsAlterations in genetic sequence
polymorphism · markers · sequencing · Y-chromosome · mitochondrial DNA · loci · genotype · nucleotides
Evolutionary relationships among organisms
- cladisticsClassification by common descent
- divergenceSeparation from common origin
- genetic driftRandom allele frequency change
- coalescenceUniting into one mass
branching · common ancestor · selection pressure · bottleneck
Descent from progenitors
- genealogyStudy of family descent
- heritageInherited cultural legacy
- descentDownward slope or lineage
- bloodlineAncestry through generations
ancestors · forebears · pedigree · roots · family tree · patrilineal · matrilineal · clan
Spreading in many directions
- Out of AfricaDanish baroness's Kenya memoir
- routesPaths for travel
- expansionIncrease in scope
- population movementShifting of inhabitants between regions
Fourteenth English letter
- OFifteenth alphabet character
- QSeventeenth letter, uppercase
- GSeventh English letter
- HEighth alphabetic character
L · T · nomenclature · downstream · upstream · basal · terminal · branching structure
DNA
Hereditary code molecule
- chromosomesGene-bearing nuclear structures
- allelesVariant forms of genes
- genomesComplete hereditary information sets
mutations · polymorphism · markers · sequencing · Y-chromosome · mitochondrial DNA · loci · genotype · nucleotides · inheritance
phylogeny
Evolutionary relationships among organisms
- cladisticsClassification by common descent
- divergenceSeparation from common origin
- genetic driftRandom allele frequency change
coalescence · branching · common ancestor · selection pressure · bottleneck
lineage
Descent from progenitors
bloodline · ancestors · forebears · pedigree · roots · family tree · patrilineal · matrilineal · clan · kinship
dispersal
Spreading in many directions
- Out of AfricaDanish baroness's Kenya memoir
- routesPaths for travel
- expansionIncrease in scope
population movement · diaspora · colonization · coastal routes
N
Fourteenth English letter
H · L · T · nomenclature · downstream · upstream · basal · terminal · branching structure