coenzymes
Enzyme activation molecules
Coenzymes are small molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions.
They often carry chemical groups or electrons between enzymes, functioning as molecular shuttles.
Many vitamins serve as precursors to coenzymes—B vitamins in particular.
NAD and coenzyme A are essential coenzymes in cellular metabolism.
Enzyme-activating compound
- active siteEnzyme region binding substrates
- adenosinePurine nucleoside in cells
- quinoneCyclic conjugated diketone
- NADHElectron-carrying coenzyme
Vitamin B1
- riboflavinSecond B vitamin
- niacinB-vitamin for metabolism
- biotinB7, a metabolic cofactor
- folateVitamin for DNA synthesis
cobalamin · deficiency · beriberi · pellagra · nutrient · precursor · water-soluble · dietary
Accelerating reactions without consumption
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- redoxElectron transfer chemistry
- decarboxylationCarboxyl group elimination
- transaminationAmino group biochemical exchange
activation · turnover · specificity · affinity · kinetics · mechanism · regulation · inhibition
Glucose metabolism producing ATP
- citric acid cycleAerobic respiration's central pathway
- fatty acid synthesisMetabolic creation of lipids
- energy transferPower moving between systems
- anabolismMetabolic construction of molecules
cofactor
Enzyme-activating compound
- active siteEnzyme region binding substrates
- adenosinePurine nucleoside in cells
- quinoneCyclic conjugated diketone
NADH · FAD · pyridoxal phosphate · biotin · binding site
thiamine
Vitamin B1
- riboflavinSecond B vitamin
- niacinB-vitamin for metabolism
- biotinB7, a metabolic cofactor
folate · cobalamin · deficiency · beriberi · pellagra · nutrient · precursor · water-soluble · dietary
catalysis
Accelerating reactions without consumption
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- redoxElectron transfer chemistry
- decarboxylationCarboxyl group elimination
transamination · activation · turnover · specificity · affinity · kinetics · mechanism · regulation · inhibition · pathway
glycolysis
Glucose metabolism producing ATP
- citric acid cycleAerobic respiration's central pathway
- fatty acid synthesisMetabolic creation of lipids
- energy transferPower moving between systems
anabolism · catabolism · biosynthesis · dehydrogenase · cytochromes
- Biochemicalsamino acid, amino acids, protein, proteins, DNA
- Food Sciencefood science, carbohydrates, proteins, pH, vitamins
- metabolismcatabolism, anabolism, metabolism, glycolysis, metabolic rate
- Biochemistry Labproteins, DNA, RNA, amino acids, ATP
- biochemistryproteins, biochemistry, protein, amino acids, DNA
- catalystscatalyst, active site, platinum, iron, copper
- coenzyme Q10Cellular energy-production molecule