cofactors
Catalytic reaction assistants
Cofactors is the plural of cofactor, which has distinct meanings in biochemistry and mathematics.
In biochemistry, a cofactor is a non-protein molecule that helps an enzyme function—vitamins and minerals often serve as cofactors.
In linear algebra, a cofactor is a signed minor of a matrix, used in calculating determinants and inverses: Expand along the first row using cofactors.
Enzyme's nonprotein helper molecule
- active siteEnzyme region binding substrates
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- bindingLegally or morally required
activation · regulation · inhibition · conformation · affinity · mechanism · FAD · pyridoxal phosphate
Vitamin B1
- riboflavinSecond B vitamin
- niacinB-vitamin for metabolism
- biotinB7, a metabolic cofactor
- folateVitamin for DNA synthesis
cobalamin · ascorbic acid · deficiency · beriberi · pellagra · supplements · nutrients · water-soluble
Element thirty
- magnesiumAlkaline earth metal
- ironElement twenty-six
- manganeseTransition metal, element 25
- copperReddish-brown metallic element
molybdenum · selenium · cobalt · calcium · metal ions · trace elements · micronutrients · ionic
Electron-carrying coenzyme
- acetyl-CoAActivated two-carbon metabolic intermediate
- ATPCell's energy molecule
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- energy productionCreating usable power supply
bioenergetics · redox reactions · citric acid cycle · pyruvate · cytochrome · mitochondria
coenzyme
Enzyme's nonprotein helper molecule
- active siteEnzyme region binding substrates
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
binding · activation · regulation · inhibition · conformation · affinity · mechanism · FAD · pyridoxal phosphate · biotin
thiamine
Vitamin B1
- riboflavinSecond B vitamin
- niacinB-vitamin for metabolism
- biotinB7, a metabolic cofactor
folate · cobalamin · ascorbic acid · deficiency · beriberi · pellagra · supplements · nutrients · water-soluble · precursor
zinc
Element thirty
copper · molybdenum · selenium · cobalt · calcium · metal ions · trace elements · micronutrients · ionic · chelation
NADH
Electron-carrying coenzyme
- acetyl-CoAActivated two-carbon metabolic intermediate
- ATPCell's energy molecule
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
energy production · bioenergetics · redox reactions · citric acid cycle · pyruvate · cytochrome · mitochondria
- Biochemicalsamino acid, amino acids, protein, proteins, DNA
- metabolismcatabolism, anabolism, metabolism, glycolysis, metabolic rate
- Biochemistry Labenzymes, proteins, DNA, RNA, amino acids
- biochemistryenzymes, proteins, biochemistry, protein, enzyme
- catalystsenzyme, catalyst, active site, platinum, coenzyme
- enzyme regulatorsinhibitors, activators, coenzymes, aromatase inhibitors, FAD
cofactorsinhibitors
Agents blocking biological processes
suppressors · blockers · antagonists · impediments · obstacles