Sukarno
Indonesian independence patriarch
Sukarno was the founding president of Indonesia, leading the country from its declaration of independence in 1945 until 1967.
He was a central figure in the Indonesian independence movement against Dutch colonial rule and became a prominent voice for anti-colonialism internationally.
His leadership style grew increasingly authoritarian under what he called "Guided Democracy," and he was eventually removed from power following a failed coup attempt.
The name is sometimes spelled Soekarno, reflecting older Dutch orthography.
Freedom from external control
- anti-colonialismOpposition to foreign domination
- sovereigntySupreme independent authority
- founding fatherMale institutional originator
- nationalismDevotion to one's country
self-determination · decolonization · 1945 · revolutionary · patriot · liberator · unifier · freedom fighter
Neutral nations' diplomatic group
- Bandung Conference1955 Afro-Asian diplomatic gathering
- neutralismDeliberate avoidance of alliances
- MalaysiaSoutheast Asian federation
- NehruIndian leader's namesake jacket
Nasser · Tito · socialism · neutrality · postcolonial · Global South · independence movements
Elected leader of nation
- PKIDigital certificate management infrastructure
- authoritarianismConcentrated, unchecked governmental power
- downfallSudden loss of power
- SuhartoIndonesian dictator, 1967-1998
parliament · constitution · centralization · political parties · emergency powers · martial law · cabinet · decree
Multiple concurrent spouses
- wivesMarried female partners
- exileBanishment from homeland
- art collectorOne who acquires masterpieces
- womanizerMan exploiting many lovers
flamboyance · lifestyle · charisma · personality cult · illness · house arrest
Successive family rulers
- monumentsStructures commemorating notable achievements
- currencyMedium of exchange
- airportAviation passenger facility
- universityHigher education institution
commemoration · national hero · founder · iconography · statues · portraits · mausoleum · remembrance
Magnetic personal appeal
- speechesFormal spoken presentations
- rhetoricArt of persuasive language
- massesBulk or populace
- ralliesGathers or recovers
eloquence · populism · propaganda · radio addresses · sloganeering · public speaker · political theater · podium
independence
Freedom from external control
- anti-colonialismOpposition to foreign domination
- sovereigntySupreme independent authority
- founding fatherMale institutional originator
nationalism · self-determination · decolonization · 1945 · revolutionary · patriot · liberator · unifier · freedom fighter · republic
Non-Aligned Movement
Neutral nations' diplomatic group
- Bandung Conference1955 Afro-Asian diplomatic gathering
- neutralismDeliberate avoidance of alliances
- MalaysiaSoutheast Asian federation
Nehru · Nasser · Tito · socialism · neutrality · postcolonial · Global South · independence movements
president
Elected leader of nation
- PKIDigital certificate management infrastructure
- authoritarianismConcentrated, unchecked governmental power
- downfallSudden loss of power
Suharto · parliament · constitution · centralization · political parties · emergency powers · martial law · cabinet · decree · legislature
polygamy
Multiple concurrent spouses
- wivesMarried female partners
- exileBanishment from homeland
- art collectorOne who acquires masterpieces
womanizer · flamboyance · lifestyle · charisma · personality cult · illness · house arrest
dynasty
Successive family rulers
- monumentsStructures commemorating notable achievements
- currencyMedium of exchange
- airportAviation passenger facility
university · commemoration · national hero · founder · iconography · statues · portraits · mausoleum · remembrance · postage stamps
charisma
Magnetic personal appeal
rallies · eloquence · populism · propaganda · radio addresses · sloganeering · public speaker · political theater · podium · mobilization
SukarnoSuharto
Indonesian dictator, 1967-1998
New Order · military dictatorship · military junta · depoliticization
SukarnoFerdinand Marcos
Suharto · Dwight Eisenhower · Augusto Pinochet · Chiang Kai-shek