coenzyme
Biochemical reaction assistant
A coenzyme is a molecule that assists an enzyme in catalyzing a chemical reaction.
Coenzymes are not proteins themselves but bind temporarily to enzymes, helping transfer chemical groups or electrons between molecules.
Many vitamins function as coenzymes or their precursors: Vitamin B12 acts as a coenzyme in metabolism.
Enzyme-activating compound
- pyridoxal phosphateActive coenzyme of B6
- biotinB7, a metabolic cofactor
- NADHElectron-carrying coenzyme
- FADVitamin B2 derivative cofactor
acetyl-CoA · electron carrier · redox reactions · biochemical pathways
Vitamin B1
- riboflavinSecond B vitamin
- niacinB-vitamin for metabolism
- biotinB7, a metabolic cofactor
- folateVitamin for DNA synthesis
cobalamin · B vitamins · vitamin B1 · vitamin B2 · vitamin B3 · vitamin B5 · vitamin B6 · vitamin B12
Cell's energy molecule
- cellular respirationCell-level fuel burning
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- citric acid cycleAerobic respiration's central pathway
- mitochondriaCell's energy-producing organelles
catabolism · anabolism · energy production · biosynthesis · energy metabolism · pyruvate
Enzyme region binding substrates
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- turnover numberCatalytic events per second
- specificityExactness of detail
cofactor
Enzyme-activating compound
- pyridoxal phosphateActive coenzyme of B6
- biotinB7, a metabolic cofactor
- NADHElectron-carrying coenzyme
FAD · acetyl-CoA · electron carrier · redox reactions · biochemical pathways
thiamine
Vitamin B1
- riboflavinSecond B vitamin
- niacinB-vitamin for metabolism
- biotinB7, a metabolic cofactor
folate · cobalamin · B vitamins · vitamin B1 · vitamin B2 · vitamin B3 · vitamin B5 · vitamin B6 · vitamin B12 · micronutrients
ATP
Cell's energy molecule
- cellular respirationCell-level fuel burning
- glycolysisGlucose metabolism producing ATP
- citric acid cycleAerobic respiration's central pathway
mitochondria · catabolism · anabolism · energy production · biosynthesis · energy metabolism · pyruvate
active site
Enzyme region binding substrates
- substrateUnderlying supporting material
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- turnover numberCatalytic events per second
- Co- wordscoauthor, coordinate, coworker, cohost, costar
- Biochemicalsamino acid, amino acids, protein, proteins, DNA
- biochemistryenzymes, proteins, biochemistry, protein, amino acids
- Enzymologysubstrate, active site, catalysis, Michaelis-Menten, turnover number
- catalystscatalyst, active site, platinum, iron, copper
- CofactorsNADH, FAD, biotin, thiamine, PLP
coenzymeinhibitor
Agent that slows reactions
poison · deactivator · antagonist · blocker · suppressor
- coenzyme Q10Cellular energy-production molecule