sulfates
Gypsum and kin
Sulfates are chemical compounds containing sulfur and oxygen, found widely in minerals, industrial products, and personal care items.
In chemistry, the sulfate ion carries a negative charge and forms salts with metals: sodium sulfate, copper sulfate.
In everyday usage, sulfates usually refer to cleaning agents in shampoos and soaps: I switched to a sulfate-free shampoo.
Some people avoid sulfates believing they irritate skin or strip hair of natural oils.
Negatively charged atoms
- saltsSodium chloride crystals
- sodiumEleventh element, highly reactive
- magnesiumAlkaline earth metal
- calciumElement twenty, builds bones
potassium · barium · ammonium · copper · iron · zinc · aluminum · inorganic
Hydrated calcium sulfate
- bariteBarium sulfate mineral
- anhydriteCalcium sulfate, no hydration
- evaporiteMineral from dried brine
- seleniteTransparent gypsum variety
alabaster · crystal · geode · hydrothermal · deposits · mining · ore · brine
Polluted atmospheric moisture falling
- emissionsSubstances released into air
- smogSunlight-activated urban pollution
- particulatesMinute airborne solids or droplets
- coal burningCombusting fossilized carbon fuel
power plants · industrial waste · air quality · respiratory · environmental · fossil fuels · scrubbers · desulfurization
Surfactant cleaning agents
- fertilizersSubstances enriching soil
- manufacturingIndustrial product creation
- paperPressed pulp for writing
- textilesWoven or knit materials
dyes · pigments · tanning · metallurgy · refining · pharmaceuticals · cosmetics · production
Liquid hair cleanser
- detergentChemical cleaning agent
- soapFatty alkali cleanser
- surfactantSurface tension lowering compound
- latherFoamy soap bubbles
foam · cleanser · toiletries · body wash · clarifying · stripping · harsh · scalp
Grape-growing estate
- grapevinesWine-fruit bearing climbers
- soil amendmentSubstance improving dirt quality
- nutrientLife-sustaining substance
- deficiencyLack of something needed
fertilizer · fungal · downy mildew · spraying · foliar · micronutrient · enology · terroir
Kills or inhibits germs
- preservativesDecay-preventing substances
- antioxidantOxidation-preventing molecule
- stabilizerThing ensuring steadiness
- fungicideChemical that kills mold
inhibitor · desiccant · anhydrous · bactericide · wine preservation · dried fruit · food additive
anions
Negatively charged atoms
calcium · potassium · barium · ammonium · copper · iron · zinc · aluminum · inorganic · crystalline
gypsum
Hydrated calcium sulfate
selenite · alabaster · crystal · geode · hydrothermal · deposits · mining · ore · brine · precipitate
acid rain
Polluted atmospheric moisture falling
- emissionsSubstances released into air
- smogSunlight-activated urban pollution
- particulatesMinute airborne solids or droplets
coal burning · power plants · industrial waste · air quality · respiratory · environmental · fossil fuels · scrubbers · desulfurization · contamination
detergents
Surfactant cleaning agents
- fertilizersSubstances enriching soil
- manufacturingIndustrial product creation
- paperPressed pulp for writing
textiles · dyes · pigments · tanning · metallurgy · refining · pharmaceuticals · cosmetics · production · processing
shampoo
Liquid hair cleanser
- detergentChemical cleaning agent
- soapFatty alkali cleanser
- surfactantSurface tension lowering compound
lather · foam · cleanser · toiletries · body wash · clarifying · stripping · harsh · scalp · residue
vineyard
Grape-growing estate
- grapevinesWine-fruit bearing climbers
- soil amendmentSubstance improving dirt quality
- nutrientLife-sustaining substance
deficiency · fertilizer · fungal · downy mildew · spraying · foliar · micronutrient · enology · terroir
antimicrobial
Kills or inhibits germs
- preservativesDecay-preventing substances
- antioxidantOxidation-preventing molecule
- stabilizerThing ensuring steadiness
fungicide · inhibitor · desiccant · anhydrous · bactericide · wine preservation · dried fruit · food additive
- mineralsquartz, marble, granite, limestone, sandstone
- Substancesmatter, elements, compounds, molecules, atoms
- hair damage causesheat styling, bleaching, coloring, dye, perms
- Inorganicssalts, metals, oxides, minerals, carbonates
- Acid Rainacid rain, acidification, SO2, nitric acid, nitrogen oxides
- Air Pollutantssmoke, smog, soot, exhaust, fumes
sulfateschlorides
Chlorine-based ionic compounds
nitrates · carbonates · phosphates · hydroxides · oxides
- copper sulfateBlue crystalline metallic salt
- dermatan sulfateSulfated tissue polysaccharide
- protamine sulfateDrug reversing anticoagulation
- chondroitin sulfateCartilage-derived joint supplement
- sulfate-free shampooHair cleanser lacking common surfactants