paradigm
Dominant theoretical framework
Paradigm has a fairly narrow meaning in grammar, where it denotes a set of forms derived from a common element, such as all the inflections of a verb or adjective.
More generally, a paradigm is an influential model or pattern: Mendeleev created a paradigm for chemistry with his periodic table.
When people talk about a paradigm shift, they mean a new way of thinking brought about either by theoretical advances, or by an event that disproves or invalidates what has gone before: The tsunami caused a paradigm shift in the way that people thought about the safety of nuclear power.
Representation or paradigm
- frameworkUnderlying support system
- structureArrangement of interconnected parts
- schemaOrganized representational structure
- patternRecurring arrangement or template
template · blueprint · archetype · matrix · construct · system · configuration · architecture
Typical perfect instance
- instanceSingle occurrence of something
- illustrationPicture explaining something
- caseContainer or instance
- specimenIndividual for examination
prototype · sample · representation · scenario · archetype · quintessence · typification · precedent
Attitude or spatial rendering
Standard for comparison
- normAccepted behavioral standard
- criterionStandard for judgment
- yardstickThirty-six-inch ruler
- touchstoneStandard for evaluation
gold-standard · baseline · reference · measure · ideal · paragon · canon · convention
Violent governmental overthrow
- shiftMovement or work period
- crisisDecisive dangerous moment
- anomalyDeparture from the expected
- CopernicanSun-centered cosmological view
Newtonian · Darwinian · Einsteinian · quantum · heliocentric · geocentric · breakthrough · discontinuity
Verb form variation system
- declensionNoun form variation
- inflectionWord form alteration
- morphologyStudy of structural forms
- regularOccurring at fixed intervals
model
Representation or paradigm
- frameworkUnderlying support system
- structureArrangement of interconnected parts
- schemaOrganized representational structure
pattern · template · blueprint · archetype · matrix · construct · system · configuration · architecture · scaffolding
exemplar
Typical perfect instance
- instanceSingle occurrence of something
- illustrationPicture explaining something
- caseContainer or instance
specimen · prototype · sample · representation · scenario · archetype · quintessence · typification · precedent · analogy
perspective
Attitude or spatial rendering
benchmark
Standard for comparison
touchstone · gold-standard · baseline · reference · measure · ideal · paragon · canon · convention
revolution
Violent governmental overthrow
Copernican · Newtonian · Darwinian · Einsteinian · quantum · heliocentric · geocentric · breakthrough · discontinuity · transformation
conjugation
Verb form variation system
- declensionNoun form variation
- inflectionWord form alteration
- morphologyStudy of structural forms
- classificationcategory, classification, group, cataloging, grouping
- cognitionthinking, reasoning, thought, cognition, remembering
- modelssupermodel, fashion model, cover model, runway model, mathematical model
- buzzwordssynergy, leverage, stakeholder, scalable, actionable
- Greek wordsalpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon
- mindsetsgrowth mindset, fixed mindset, mindset, abundance mindset, scarcity mindset
paradigmcounterexample
Instance disproving a claim
anomaly · worst · aberration · exception · imperfection
paradigmhypothesis
Testable proposed explanation
conjecture · anomaly · speculation · guesswork · supposition
paradigmchaos
Complete disorder and confusion
disorder · randomness · incoherence · confusion · hodgepodge
- paradigm shiftWholesale replacement of frameworks
- scientific paradigmPrevailing theoretical framework