hydroxyl
Alcohol's functional group
Hydroxyl refers to a chemical group consisting of one oxygen atom bonded to one hydrogen atom (–OH).
This functional group appears throughout chemistry and biochemistry, defining alcohols and contributing to the properties of countless organic molecules.
A hydroxyl radical is a highly reactive form that plays roles in atmospheric chemistry and cellular damage.
The hydroxyl group makes the molecule water-soluble.
Shared-electron atomic link
- organic chemistryStudy of carbon compounds
- nucleophileElectron-pair donating species
- carboxyl-COOH functional group
- carbonylC=O functional group
aldehyde · ketone · ether · ester · phenol · epoxide · alcohol · amine
Drinkable volatile spirit
- methanolToxic one-carbon alcohol
- propanolThree-carbon hydroxyl compound
- isopropanolSecondary propyl alcohol
- butanolFour-carbon alcohol solvent
glycerol · polyol · sugar alcohol · sorbitol · mannitol · fermentation · spirits · proof
Unstable, electron-seeking particle
- superoxideCharged oxygen radical
- antioxidantOxidation-preventing molecule
- ozoneTriatomic oxygen allotrope
- peroxideOxygen compound, disinfectant
combustion · photolysis · Fenton reaction · oxidation · cell damage · short-lived · detoxification
Supporting bottom structure
- strong baseCompletely ionizing hydroxide donor
- nucleophileElectron-pair donating species
- alkaliAcid-neutralizing ionic compound
- pHMeasure of solution acidity
caustic · saponification · neutralization · lye · dissociation · ionic
Separated opposite charges
- electronegativityAtomic electron attraction strength
- hydrophilicTending to absorb water
- polarOf extreme latitudes
- water solubilityAbility to dissolve in water
dielectric · miscibility · aqueous · solvation · hydration · surface tension
Protein's molecular subunit
- serineProtein-forming amino acid
- threonineEssential amino acid
- tyrosineProtein-building amino acid
- carbohydrateSugar or starch compound
glucose · cellulose · enzyme · phosphorylation · metabolism · protein · saccharide · nucleotide
covalent bond
Shared-electron atomic link
- organic chemistryStudy of carbon compounds
- nucleophileElectron-pair donating species
- carboxyl-COOH functional group
carbonyl · aldehyde · ketone · ether · ester · phenol · epoxide · alcohol · amine · thiol
ethanol
Drinkable volatile spirit
- methanolToxic one-carbon alcohol
- propanolThree-carbon hydroxyl compound
- isopropanolSecondary propyl alcohol
butanol · glycerol · polyol · sugar alcohol · sorbitol · mannitol · fermentation · spirits · proof · intoxication
free radical
Unstable, electron-seeking particle
- superoxideCharged oxygen radical
- antioxidantOxidation-preventing molecule
- ozoneTriatomic oxygen allotrope
peroxide · combustion · photolysis · Fenton reaction · oxidation · cell damage · short-lived · detoxification
base
Supporting bottom structure
- strong baseCompletely ionizing hydroxide donor
- nucleophileElectron-pair donating species
- alkaliAcid-neutralizing ionic compound
pH · caustic · saponification · neutralization · lye · dissociation · ionic
dipole
Separated opposite charges
- electronegativityAtomic electron attraction strength
- hydrophilicTending to absorb water
- polarOf extreme latitudes
water solubility · dielectric · miscibility · aqueous · solvation · hydration · surface tension
amino acid
Protein's molecular subunit
carbohydrate · glucose · cellulose · enzyme · phosphorylation · metabolism · protein · saccharide · nucleotide · cofactor
- magnesium hydroxideAlkaline mineral compound
- aluminum hydroxideAmphoteric metal hydroxide compound
- alpha hydroxy acidsOrganic acids for exfoliation
- potassium hydroxideCorrosive alkaline KOH compound
- lithium hydroxideStrong base with metal
- sodium hydroxideCorrosive alkaline compound
hydroxide, hydroxy, hydroxylated, dihydroxy, hydroxychloroquine