covalent bond
Shared electron pair
A covalent bond is a chemical bond in which atoms share electrons rather than transferring them.
This sharing allows each atom to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Covalent bonds hold together molecules like water, oxygen, and DNA.
The term distinguishes this type from ionic bonds, where electrons are fully transferred between atoms.
Atomic electron attraction strength
Water molecule symbol
- O2Molecular oxygen gas
- CH4Methane's molecular formula
- CO2Carbon dioxide formula
- H2OWater's molecular notation
N2 · ethane · ethene · methane · diamond · silicon · polymers · DNA
Electrically balanced molecule type
- asymmetricNot identical on both sides
- symmetricEqual on both sides
- hydrogen-bondingElectrostatic attraction between molecules
- intermolecularBetween discrete molecules
Resistance to displacement
- intramolecularWithin a single molecule
- directionalIndicating a path
- localizedRestricted to one place
- enthalpyThermodynamic total heat quantity
Having four triangular sides
- linearArranged in straight succession
- bentCurved; also dishonest
- stereochemistryStudy of molecular shape
- dihedralAngle joining two planes
electronegativity
Atomic electron attraction strength
H2
Water molecule symbol
N2 · H2O · ethane · ethene · methane · diamond · silicon · polymers · DNA · proteins
nonpolar
Electrically balanced molecule type
- asymmetricNot identical on both sides
- symmetricEqual on both sides
- hydrogen-bondingElectrostatic attraction between molecules
intermolecular · water · CO2
stability
Resistance to displacement
- intramolecularWithin a single molecule
- directionalIndicating a path
- localizedRestricted to one place
tetrahedral
Having four triangular sides
- linearArranged in straight succession
- bentCurved; also dishonest
- stereochemistryStudy of molecular shape
- bondscorporate bonds, municipal bonds, treasury bonds, savings bonds, junk bonds
- chemistryatom, atoms, organic chemistry, molecule, chemistry
- chemical bondsionic bonds, ionic, metallic, hydrogen bonds
- Molecular Forcesvan der Waals, hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, ionic bonding
- valencepositive, negative, neutral, charge, electron shell
- Orbitalsorbit, orbital, atomic orbital, electron shell, subshell
bond, valence, covalent, covariance, covalently, covalent bonds