cell damage
Biological structural compromise
Cell damage is injury or harm to the basic structural units of living organisms.
Cells can be damaged by physical trauma, radiation, toxins, infection, or lack of oxygen.
The term appears in medical and biological contexts: The stroke caused extensive cell damage to brain tissue.
Cell damage may be reversible or lead to cell death.
Programmed cell death
- necrosisLocalized cell death
- ferroptosisIron-catalyzed membrane destruction
- autophagyCellular self-degradation process
- cytotoxicityHarmfulness to living cells
Uncontrolled cell proliferation disease
- neurodegenerationProgressive loss of neurons
- fibrosisPathological connective tissue buildup
- cirrhosisIrreversible hepatic scarring
- cardiomyopathyHeart muscle disorder
macular degeneration · Parkinson's · Alzheimer's · multiple sclerosis · muscular dystrophy · atherosclerosis · chronic inflammation · autoimmune disorders
Lasting psychological wound
- woundCoiled, or an injury
- contusionTissue damage beneath skin
- lacerationTorn, ragged wound
- crush injuryTrauma from forceful squeezing
burn · frostbite · concussion · hemorrhage · hematoma · edema · lesion · ulceration
Gradual functional decline with age
- glycationSugar bonding to proteins
- cross-linkingBonds joining parallel chains
Substances promoting tumor growth
- mutagensAgents causing genetic alterations
- teratogensAgents causing fetal malformations
- neurotoxinsPoisons targeting nervous systems
- cytotoxinsAgents lethal to cells
heavy metals · radiation exposure · drug-induced · pesticide exposure · industrial chemicals · environmental pollutants · snake venom · bacterial toxins
apoptosis
Programmed cell death
- necrosisLocalized cell death
- ferroptosisIron-catalyzed membrane destruction
- autophagyCellular self-degradation process
cytotoxicity · free radicals · hypoxia · proteolysis · cytokine storm
cancer
Uncontrolled cell proliferation disease
- neurodegenerationProgressive loss of neurons
- fibrosisPathological connective tissue buildup
- cirrhosisIrreversible hepatic scarring
cardiomyopathy · macular degeneration · Parkinson's · Alzheimer's · multiple sclerosis · muscular dystrophy · atherosclerosis · chronic inflammation · autoimmune disorders · hepatitis
trauma
Lasting psychological wound
- woundCoiled, or an injury
- contusionTissue damage beneath skin
- lacerationTorn, ragged wound
crush injury · burn · frostbite · concussion · hemorrhage · hematoma · edema · lesion · ulceration · abrasion
senescence
Gradual functional decline with age
- glycationSugar bonding to proteins
- cross-linkingBonds joining parallel chains
carcinogens
Substances promoting tumor growth
- mutagensAgents causing genetic alterations
- teratogensAgents causing fetal malformations
- neurotoxinsPoisons targeting nervous systems
cytotoxins · heavy metals · radiation exposure · drug-induced · pesticide exposure · industrial chemicals · environmental pollutants · snake venom · bacterial toxins · mycotoxins
- Plant Toxicologytoxic buildup, heavy metals, lead toxicity, chlorosis, necrosis
- radiation effectsradiation sickness, health effects, hair loss, nausea, vomiting
- pathologycancer, disease, infection, tumor, lesion
- radiobiologyradiobiology, mutations, ionizing radiation, radiation dose, radiosensitivity
- cell damagenecrosis, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, lysis, ferroptosis
- cytotoxicitycytotoxicity, cytotoxins, apoptosis, necrosis, lysis
cell damagecell health
cell damagecell repair
Restoration of cellular damage
DNA repair · wound healing · tissue regeneration · cell growth · tissue repair
cell, damage, damaged, damaging, cells, undamaged, cellular, cytoplasm, cytology