Sparta

Peloponnesian War

Fifth-century BCE Greek conflict

• LeonidasAncient Spartan warrior-king
• hoplitesAncient Greek heavy infantry
• agogeGreek training regimen
• HellenicOf Greek origin

Persian Wars · Thermopylae · phalanx · Xerxes · Herodotus · Athens · Corinth · Thebes

hoplites

Ancient Greek heavy infantry

• phalanxMassed infantry formation
• shieldHandheld defensive armor
• spearPole with sharp point
• warfareArmed conflict between groups

battle · military · 300 · Immortals · combat · formation · bronze · helmet

brevity

Shortness of expression

• succinctExpressed with minimal words
• terseBrief to bluntness
• conciseBriefly and clearly stated
• pithyConcise and forceful

taciturn · curt · monosyllabic · reticent · understated · epigrammatic · aphoristic · wit

serfs

Feudal bound laborers

• slaveryOwnership of people
• servitudeCompulsory labor under masters
• subjugationForcing into submission
• bondageInvoluntary subjugation to another

revolt · oppression · agriculture · labor · indigenous · krypteia · exploitation · underclass

frugality

Economical resource management

• simplicityLack of complexity
• asceticismSevere self-denial practice
• starknessSevere, unadorned quality
• severityIntensity of sternness

rigor · self-denial · restraint · sobriety · temperance · minimalism · unadorned · harshness

training

Developing abilities through practice

• obedienceCompliance with authority
• regimenPrescribed course of treatment
• drillHole-boring device
• enduranceSustained effort capacity

order · control · strictness · dedication · toughness · perseverance · self-control · conformity

athletics

Competitive physical activities

• property rightsLegal control over possessions
• inheritanceProperty received from ancestors
• educationSystematic development of mind
• childbirthInfant's emergence from womb

gymnasium · physical training · independence · land ownership · marriage · motherhood · fertility · dowry