ionization
Creating charged particles
Ionization is the process of adding or removing electrons from atoms or molecules, converting them into ions—particles with electric charge.
It occurs naturally through radiation, heat, or chemical reactions, and is harnessed in technologies from smoke detectors to mass spectrometers.
The ionization of air molecules creates the conductive path for lightning.
Electrical potential difference
- currentDirected flow of charge
- coulombUnit of electrical charge
- capacitanceElectrical charge storage measure
- conductorOne who directs musicians
electrostatic · dielectric · semiconductor · faraday · amperage · polarity · electrode · electrolysis
Negative subatomic particle
- protonPositive nuclear particle
- atomElement's smallest unit
- nucleusCentral controlling part
- orbitalRevolving around another
shell · valence · isotope · element · neutron · subatomic · photon · quantum
Electron ejection by light
- collisionForceful contact between objects
- dissociationMental separation from surroundings
- strippingRemoving outer layers
- recombinationGenetic material exchange process
deionization · threshold · impact · cascade · avalanche · tunneling · cross-section · yield
Atmospheric light display
- lightningAtmospheric electrical discharge
- neonInert illuminating element
- argonUnreactive element eighteen
- fluorescentEmitting light when energized
arc · corona · spark · xenon · krypton · helium · tube · luminescence
Low-pH chemical compound
- baseSupporting bottom structure
- electrolyteConductive dissolved substance
- dissociationMental separation from surroundings
- hydrolysisWater-induced bond cleavage
solution · aqueous · salt · pH · buffer · neutralization · conjugate · hydroxide
Device that senses
- spectrometerMeasures electromagnetic radiation properties
- time-of-flightDuration of particle travel
- chromatographyTechnique separating mixtures by differential migration
- analyzerTool for systematic examination
voltage
Electrical potential difference
- currentDirected flow of charge
- coulombUnit of electrical charge
- capacitanceElectrical charge storage measure
conductor · electrostatic · dielectric · semiconductor · faraday · amperage · polarity · electrode · electrolysis · galvanic
electron
Negative subatomic particle
orbital · shell · valence · isotope · element · neutron · subatomic · photon · quantum · excitation
photoionization
Electron ejection by light
- collisionForceful contact between objects
- dissociationMental separation from surroundings
- strippingRemoving outer layers
recombination · deionization · threshold · impact · cascade · avalanche · tunneling · cross-section · yield · rate
aurora
Atmospheric light display
- lightningAtmospheric electrical discharge
- neonInert illuminating element
- argonUnreactive element eighteen
fluorescent · arc · corona · spark · xenon · krypton · helium · tube · luminescence · tokamak
acid
Low-pH chemical compound
- baseSupporting bottom structure
- electrolyteConductive dissolved substance
- dissociationMental separation from surroundings
hydrolysis · solution · aqueous · salt · pH · buffer · neutralization · conjugate · hydroxide · conductivity
detector
Device that senses
- spectrometerMeasures electromagnetic radiation properties
- time-of-flightDuration of particle travel
- chromatographyTechnique separating mixtures by differential migration
analyzer · vacuum · calibration · sensitivity · resolution
- Chemical Theoryatomic theory, molecular theory, kinetic theory, quantum theory, ligand field theory
- physicsphysics, momentum, atom, acceleration, gravity
- atomic physicsatom, atoms, atomic nucleus, electron, atomic number
- chemical reactionscondensation, combustion, oxidation, hydrolysis, oxidation-reduction
- chemistryatom, atoms, organic chemistry, molecule, chemistry
- Nuclearnuclear reactor, atomic bomb, nuclear energy, atomic bombs, uranium