hydrogenation
Adding hydrogen chemically
Hydrogenation is a chemical process that adds hydrogen to a substance, typically using heat, pressure, and a catalyst.
The term appears most often in food production, where partial hydrogenation converts liquid vegetable oils into solid or semi-solid fats—the process that creates shortening and margarine.
Hydrogenated oils extend shelf life but may produce trans fats.
Vegetable oil spread
- shorteningReducing length or duration
- vegetable oilPlant-derived culinary lipid
- trans fatsChemically altered dietary lipids
- saturated fatsFully hydrogenated fatty acids
shelf-life · spreadability · texture · consistency · emulsifier · stabilizer · food processing · edible oils
Making something smaller
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- oxidationLosing electrons chemically
- alkylationAdding hydrocarbon groups chemically
- polymerizationMonomers bonding into chains
double bonds · triple bonds · alkenes · unsaturated · saturation · exothermic · stoichiometry · selectivity
Element forty-six, catalytic metal
- platinumDense precious silvery metal
- nickelElement twenty-eight, or coin
- rhodiumPlatinum group element
- rutheniumRare metallic element, number forty-four
metal surface · adsorption · turnover · pressure · temperature · reactor
Chemically altered dietary lipids
- heart diseaseMalfunction of blood-pumping organ
- LDL cholesterolHarmful blood fat transporter
- cardiovascularOf heart and blood vessels
- arterial plaqueFatty buildup in vessels
dietary fat · saturated fat · FDA ban · processed foods · health risks · inflammation · food regulation
margarine
Vegetable oil spread
- shorteningReducing length or duration
- vegetable oilPlant-derived culinary lipid
- trans fatsChemically altered dietary lipids
saturated fats · shelf-life · spreadability · texture · consistency · emulsifier · stabilizer · food processing · edible oils · melting point
reduction
Making something smaller
- catalysisAccelerating reactions without consumption
- oxidationLosing electrons chemically
- alkylationAdding hydrocarbon groups chemically
polymerization · double bonds · triple bonds · alkenes · unsaturated · saturation · exothermic · stoichiometry · selectivity · kinetics
palladium
Element forty-six, catalytic metal
- platinumDense precious silvery metal
- nickelElement twenty-eight, or coin
- rhodiumPlatinum group element
ruthenium · metal surface · adsorption · turnover · pressure · temperature · reactor
trans fats
Chemically altered dietary lipids
- heart diseaseMalfunction of blood-pumping organ
- LDL cholesterolHarmful blood fat transporter
- cardiovascularOf heart and blood vessels
arterial plaque · dietary fat · saturated fat · FDA ban · processed foods · health risks · inflammation · food regulation
- chemical reactionscondensation, combustion, oxidation, oxidation-reduction, esterification
- Food Technologypasteurization, canning, refrigeration, food additives, food packaging
- Alkene Reactionsbromination, chlorination, fluorination, Diels-Alder, Diels-Alder reaction
- catalystsenzyme, catalyst, active site, platinum, coenzyme
- Chemical Processeschlorination, oxidation, neutralization, acidification, alkalization
- Reductionreducing agent, redox, reductive amination, selective reduction, carbon reduction